现实的本质:为哲学苏菲主义辩护

IF 0.4 2区 哲学 0 RELIGION
Mohammad Amin Mansouri
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引用次数: 0

摘要

q5.51和它禁止与基督徒和犹太人交朋友。康思丁将这一启示置于上下文中,表明这是为了反映穆罕默德在巴德尔战役中与古莱什派及其基督教盟友的早期小规模冲突(71)。像这样难懂的段落最好放在历史背景中理解,而不是把它们笼统地应用于所有时代和地方的所有背景和社区。这里有一个微妙的讽刺:当适合他的时候,康思丁热衷于将《古兰经》段落语境化和问题化,但当这种分析可能削弱或模糊他的论点时,他对其他来源的分析完全不感兴趣。但所有这些都符合他的目标,那就是帮助非穆斯林读者,尤其是基督徒读者,超越基督徒和穆斯林无休止对立的叙事。这是一个可以理解的目标,尽管康思丁本可以在脚注中加入更多关于学术辩论的细节,这样感兴趣的读者,或者那些意识到对特定历史解读存在分歧的人,可能会有一个好的、同行评审的、权威的来源,他们可以从中寻找更多的细节。例如,康西丁可能会向读者建议,我们所知道的穆罕默德和基督教僧侣Baḥīrā(7-10)之间的相遇完全是基于圣徒的来源,起源于很长一段时间,来自各种基督教和穆斯林作者,其中大多数人使用这个故事是为了非常不同的目的。这样的警告可以出现在脚注中,而不会让读者怀疑这次相遇的真实性,也不会让读者怀疑穆罕默德与基督徒有过接触,并在各种方面受到基督徒的影响。这本书的最后两章包含了更多的证据,这些证据来自穆罕默德生活和领导的后期。在这里,康西丁试图强调基督徒和穆斯林的共同之处,以及在《古兰经》和更广泛的穆斯林社区形成的时期,宽容是如何成为主导主题的。最后,感兴趣的读者将不得不从其他文献中寻找更多关于穆罕默德生平和他与基督教团体接触的学术论述。无论是在正文还是在注释中,这些文献都没有被康西丁标记,但读者很可能被康西丁说服,伊斯兰教和基督教之间的联系比他们原本认为的要紧密得多。从这个意义上说,对于那些想要开始更多地了解穆罕默德及其与基督徒的接触的人来说,康西丁的书是一本很有帮助的书,也是一个合适的起点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Essence of Reality: A Defense of Philosophical Sufism
Q 5.51 and its prohibition against friendship with Christians and Jews. Considine places this revelation in context, showing that it was meant to reflect the early skirmishes Muhammad had with Qurayshites and their Christian allies at the Battle of Badr (71). Difficult passages such as this can best be understood in historical context as opposed to generically applying them to all contexts and communities in all times and places. There is a subtle irony here: Considine is keen to contextualize and problematize qur’anic passages when it suits him but is entirely uninterested in doing so with other sources when such analysis could weaken or obscure his argument. But all of this continues to fit his goal, which is to help non-Muslim readers, especially Christian ones, to move beyond a narrative in which Christians and Muslims are endlessly opposed to one another. This is an understandable goal, though Considine would have done well to include more details about scholarly debate in footnotes so that interested readers, or those aware of some disagreement on a particular reading of history, might have a good, peer-reviewed, and authoritative source to which they could look for more details. For example, Considine might have suggested to readers that what we know about the encounter between Muhammad and the Christian monk Baḥīrā (7–10) is entirely based on hagiographical sources, originating over a wide span of time, and coming from a variety of Christian and Muslim authors, most of whom use the story for very different purposes. Such a caveat could appear in a footnote without any danger of making his readers suspect the veracity of the encounter or doubt that Muhammad was in contact with and influenced in various ways by Christians. The book’s final two chapters contain more evidence coming from later periods of Muhammad’s life and leadership. Here, Considine attempts to underline what Christians and Muslims share and how tolerance was the predominant theme during the time when the Qur’an and the wider Muslim community was taking shape. In the end, interested readers will have to look to other literature for more scholarly treatments of Muhammad’s life and his contacts with Christian communities. Not much from this literature is flagged by Considine, either in the body of the text or in the notes, but readers may very well be convinced by Considine that the connections between Islam and Christianity are much closer and intertwined than they might otherwise have been led to believe. In this sense, Considine’s book is a helpful one and a suitable starting point for those who want to begin to learn more about Muhammad and his encounters with Christians.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
期刊介绍: Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (ICMR) provides a forum for the academic exploration and discussion of the religious tradition of Islam, and of relations between Islam and other religions. It is edited by members of the Department of Theology and Religion, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. The editors welcome articles on all aspects of Islam, and particularly on: •the religion and culture of Islam, historical and contemporary •Islam and its relations with other faiths and ideologies •Christian-Muslim relations. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations is a refereed, academic journal. It publishes articles, documentation and reviews.
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