在新生儿中接种结核病疫苗,作为实施国家免疫日历的媒介。

Viktoria A. Minaeva, A. .. Golubkova
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摘要

在2019冠状病毒病大流行的背景下,由于疫苗接种覆盖率低而导致人群对疫苗可预防感染的免疫力下降,可能导致不可预测的后果。目标。全面评估儿童综合诊所下属地区人口的结核病疫苗预防情况,并寻求资源以提高幼儿的疫苗接种率。材料和方法。为了进行分析,使用了2020年1月1日至2022年12月31日之间出生的患者的电子医疗记录,表格063/y,新生儿登记册,有结核病风险儿童的药房登记册。我们采用流行病学和统计学方法进行分析。结果。在2020-2021年期间,由于提前出院,新生儿接种结核病和乙型病毒性肝炎疫苗的比例有所下降。因此,在儿童诊所监督下入院时未接种这些感染疫苗的人数分别为24%和27%。由于没有按时接种疫苗,后来影响了国家免疫计划规定的预防其他感染的疫苗接种的及时性。结果,到12个月大时,结核病疫苗接种率为82%,乙型肝炎疫苗接种率为82%,另有13%的儿童的病程不完全,这需要采取紧急措施。结论。在妇产医院阶段违反接种疫苗的日历条款,肯定会导致在门诊阶段难以遵守NCIP。与反疫苗运动作斗争是不够的,改变进程和提高双方医学教育的质量、患者意识和法律确定性也同样重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Vaccination of tuberculosis in newborns as a vector for the implementation of the National Immunization Calendar.
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, any decrease in population immunity to vaccine-preventable infections due to low vaccination coverage can lead to unpredictable consequences. Objective. Comprehensive assessment of the situation on vaccine prevention of tuberculosis among the population of the subordinate territory of the children's polyclinic and the search for resources to increase the rates of vaccination of young children. Materials and methods. For the analysis, electronic medical records of patients born between 01.01.2020 and 31.12.2022 were used, forms 063/y, newborn registers, dispensary registers for children at risk for tuberculosis. We used epidemiological and statistical methods of analysis. Results. In 2020-2021 due to early discharge from the maternity hospital, there was a decrease in the proportion of newborns vaccinated against tuberculosis (TB) and viral hepatitis B (HBV). As a result, the number of those who were not vaccinated against these infections at the time of admission under the supervision of a children's clinic was 24% and 27%, respectively. The lack of vaccinations on schedule later affected the timeliness of vaccinations against other infections provided for by the National Immunization Schedule (NCV). As a result, by 12 months of age, vaccination coverage against TB was 82%, against HBV - 82%, and an additional 13% of children had an incomplete course, which required urgent measures. Conclusion. Violation of the calendar terms of vaccinations at the stage of the maternity hospital will certainly entail difficulties in complying with the NCIP at the outpatient stage. It is not enough to fight against the anti-vaccination movement, it is equally important to change processes and improve the quality of medical education, patient awareness and legal certainty on both sides.
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