{"title":"医疗保健患者的流行病学和临床特征:COVID-19大流行之前和期间相关艰难梭菌感染","authors":"D. Knezevic, Duška Jović, M. Petković","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed54-42419","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Diarrhoea that occurs as a result of the presence of Clostridium difficile (reclassified as Clostridioides difficile) is usually manifested as a hospital infection, usually after antibiotic treatment. The study aim was to assess the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with healthcare - associated Clostridioides difficile infection (HA - CDI) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients older than 18, who met the HA - CDI case definition. The CDI diagnosis was made by demonstrating toxins A and B in stool samples using an immunochromatographic assay test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The incidence of HA - CDI has significantly decreased from the preCOVID-19 period to the COVID-19 period (11.04 per 10,000 vs 6.49 per 10,000, p < 0.001). Before establishing the HA - CDI diagnosis, 41.4 % of patients used one antibiotic, 25.9 % used two and 11.2 % were treated with three or more antibiotics. Almost one half of the applied antibiotics were from the group that represents high risk for the development of HA - CDI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR = 3.4; 95 % CI = 0.9-12.4; p = 0.038) and complicated disease course (OR = 11.8; 95 % CI = 2.6-53.6; p ≤ 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of death. Conclusion: The incidence of HA - CDI has decreased during the observed period of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, no clear connection between the impact of the pandemic and incidence reduction was found. Due to unfavourable outcome of the treatment of HA - CDI patients during COVID-19 pandemic, the rational use of antibiotics is necessary.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with healthcare: Associated Clostridioides difficile infection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic\",\"authors\":\"D. Knezevic, Duška Jović, M. Petković\",\"doi\":\"10.5937/scriptamed54-42419\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Background/Aim: Diarrhoea that occurs as a result of the presence of Clostridium difficile (reclassified as Clostridioides difficile) is usually manifested as a hospital infection, usually after antibiotic treatment. The study aim was to assess the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with healthcare - associated Clostridioides difficile infection (HA - CDI) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients older than 18, who met the HA - CDI case definition. The CDI diagnosis was made by demonstrating toxins A and B in stool samples using an immunochromatographic assay test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The incidence of HA - CDI has significantly decreased from the preCOVID-19 period to the COVID-19 period (11.04 per 10,000 vs 6.49 per 10,000, p < 0.001). Before establishing the HA - CDI diagnosis, 41.4 % of patients used one antibiotic, 25.9 % used two and 11.2 % were treated with three or more antibiotics. Almost one half of the applied antibiotics were from the group that represents high risk for the development of HA - CDI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR = 3.4; 95 % CI = 0.9-12.4; p = 0.038) and complicated disease course (OR = 11.8; 95 % CI = 2.6-53.6; p ≤ 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of death. Conclusion: The incidence of HA - CDI has decreased during the observed period of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, no clear connection between the impact of the pandemic and incidence reduction was found. Due to unfavourable outcome of the treatment of HA - CDI patients during COVID-19 pandemic, the rational use of antibiotics is necessary.\",\"PeriodicalId\":33497,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Scripta Medica\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Scripta Medica\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-42419\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"Medicine\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Scripta Medica","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-42419","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景/目的:由于艰难梭菌(重新分类为艰难梭菌)的存在而发生的腹泻通常表现为医院感染,通常在抗生素治疗后。该研究的目的是评估在COVID-19大流行之前和期间与医疗保健相关的艰难梭菌感染(HA - CDI)住院患者的发病率、特征和结局。方法:本回顾性队列研究纳入18岁以上符合HA - CDI病例定义的患者。CDI诊断是通过使用免疫层析试验和聚合酶链反应(PCR)在粪便样本中显示毒素A和B来进行的。结果:HA - CDI的发病率从COVID-19前期到COVID-19期间明显下降(11.04 / 10,000 vs 6.49 / 10,000, p < 0.001)。在确定HA - CDI诊断之前,41.4%的患者使用一种抗生素,25.9%使用两种抗生素,11.2%使用三种或三种以上抗生素。几乎一半的应用抗生素来自HA - CDI发展高风险的群体。多变量logistic回归分析显示,年龄较大(OR = 3.4;95% ci = 0.9-12.4;p = 0.038)和复杂病程(OR = 11.8;95% ci = 2.6-53.6;P≤0.001)与较高的死亡风险相关。结论:在新冠肺炎大流行观察期间,HA - CDI发病率有所下降,但大流行的影响与发病率下降之间没有明确的联系。由于COVID-19大流行期间HA - CDI患者治疗效果不佳,合理使用抗生素是必要的。
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with healthcare: Associated Clostridioides difficile infection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Background/Aim: Diarrhoea that occurs as a result of the presence of Clostridium difficile (reclassified as Clostridioides difficile) is usually manifested as a hospital infection, usually after antibiotic treatment. The study aim was to assess the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with healthcare - associated Clostridioides difficile infection (HA - CDI) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients older than 18, who met the HA - CDI case definition. The CDI diagnosis was made by demonstrating toxins A and B in stool samples using an immunochromatographic assay test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The incidence of HA - CDI has significantly decreased from the preCOVID-19 period to the COVID-19 period (11.04 per 10,000 vs 6.49 per 10,000, p < 0.001). Before establishing the HA - CDI diagnosis, 41.4 % of patients used one antibiotic, 25.9 % used two and 11.2 % were treated with three or more antibiotics. Almost one half of the applied antibiotics were from the group that represents high risk for the development of HA - CDI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR = 3.4; 95 % CI = 0.9-12.4; p = 0.038) and complicated disease course (OR = 11.8; 95 % CI = 2.6-53.6; p ≤ 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of death. Conclusion: The incidence of HA - CDI has decreased during the observed period of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, no clear connection between the impact of the pandemic and incidence reduction was found. Due to unfavourable outcome of the treatment of HA - CDI patients during COVID-19 pandemic, the rational use of antibiotics is necessary.