Are Epigenetic Features Essential in Advance of Heart Failure Phenotypes

Chronic heart failure (HF) is a leading clinical and public problem affected higher risk of morbidity and mortality in different population. HF appears to be in both phenotypic forms: HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF). Although both HF phenotypes are distinguished in clinical features, co-morbidity status, prediction score, and treatment, the clinical outcomes in patients with HFrEF and HFpEF are similar. In this context investigation of various molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to development and progression of both HF phenotypes are very important. There is emerging evidence regarding that the epigenetic regulation may have a clue in the pathogenesis of HF. The review is represented current available evidence regarding an implication of epigenetic modifications in development of different HF phenotypes.