技术和生产碎片化:国内与国外采购

Teresa C. Fort
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引用次数: 143

摘要

本文为技术与企业全球采购策略之间的关系提供了直接的实证证据。利用美国公司决定与国内或国外供应商签订制造服务合同的新数据,我表明,2002年至2007年间,一家公司采用通信技术,其分裂可能性增加了3.1个百分点。企业技术的影响在不同行业之间也存在显著差异;2007年,相对于平均水平,在生产规范更容易以电子格式编纂的行业,这一数字高出20%。这些模式表明,技术降低了协调成本,尽管其对国内采购的影响比对国外采购的影响更大。对国内分散的更大影响突出了其作为离岸外包替代方案的重要性,这可以用技术和工人技能之间的互补性来解释。高技术企业和产业更有可能从高人力资本国家采购,技术在国家人力资本中的跨行业差异影响正在显著增加。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Technology and Production Fragmentation: Domestic versus Foreign Sourcing
This paper provides direct empirical evidence on the relationship between technology and firms' global sourcing strategies. Using new data on U.S. firms' decisions to contract for manufacturing services from domestic or foreign suppliers, I show that a firm's adoption of communication technology between 2002 to 2007 is associated with a 3.1 point increase in its probability of fragmentation. The effect of firm technology also differs significantly across industries; in 2007, it is 20 percent higher, relative to the mean, in industries with production specifications that are easier to codify in an electronic format. These patterns suggest that technology lowers coordination costs, though its effect is disproportionately higher for domestic rather than foreign sourcing. The larger impact on domestic fragmentation highlights its importance as an alternative to offshoring, and can be explained by complementarities between technology and worker skill. High technology firms and industries are more likely to source from high human capital countries, and the differential impact of technology across industries is strongly increasing in country human capital.
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