采用先进技术回收有机和无机废物,保持含铅冷却剂的质量

V. Ulyanov, M. Koshelev, S. Kharchuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

重液态金属冷却剂的独特性质(与空气、有机化合物、水和水蒸气相互作用时化学活性低,沸点高,蒸气压低)使它们既可用于快中子反应堆工厂的第一回路,也可用于处理各种有机和无机原料的热交换器。这种装置既可以是恢复型的,也可以是混合型的。后者还具有以下优点:成本较低,施工简单;没有可能受到腐蚀和污染的传热表面;减小尺寸,由于更大的比热传递表面。研究程度最大的是固体物质的液态金属热解,水溶液的直接接触蒸馏,由于用铅铋共晶代替水而提高连铸机效率。给出了支持上述过程的研究结果。维持含铅热载体质量的方法对于反应器装置的条件和处理有机和无机原料的有前途的技术没有根本的区别。同时,在处理各种原材料的有前途的技术中,对实施这些方法的设备的要求要低得多:一般来说,测量氧气热力学活性的传感器和进入冷却剂中气体(含氢或含氧)混合物的设备。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
MAINTAINING THE QUALITY OF LEAD CONTAINING COOLANT IN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES RECYCLING ORGANIC AND INORGANIC WASTE
The unique properties of heavy liquid metal coolants (low chemical activity when interacting with air, organic compounds, water and water vapor, high boiling point, low vapor pressure) allow them to be used both in the first circuits of fast neutron reactor plants and in heat exchangers used for processing various organic and inorganic raw materials. Such devices can be either recuperative or mixing type. The latter additionally have the following advantages: lower cost and simplicity of construction; no heat transfer surfaces that can be subject to corrosion and contamination; reduced dimensions due to a larger specific heat transfer surface. The greatest degree of study relates to liquid metal pyrolysis of solid substances, direct contact distillation of aqueous solutions without preliminary preparation, improving the efficiency of continuous casting machines due to the replacement of water with lead-bismuth eutectic. The results of research in support of the above processes are presented. The methods of maintaining the quality of lead-containing heat carriers do not have fundamental differences for the conditions of reactor installations and in relation to promising technologies for processing organic and inorganic raw materials. At the same time, the requirements for devices for implementing these methods in promising technologies for processing various raw materials are significantly lower: in general, a sensor for measuring the thermodynamic activity of oxygen and a device for entering gas (hydrogen-containing or oxygen-containing) mixtures in the coolants.
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