佐治亚州不同投入生产方式对花生品种番茄斑枯病相对发病率及田间生产性能的影响

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2021-08-25 DOI:10.3146/ps21-5.1
W. D. Branch, W. D. Branch, N. Brown, D. Mailhot, A. Culbreath
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在2017- 2019年期间,进行了30个重复产量试验,以确定19个普通花生和弗吉尼亚市场型花生(arachhis hypogaea L.)品种的番茄斑斑病(TSW)相对发病率和一般田间性能。在佐治亚州的三个地点(蒂夫顿、普莱恩斯和米德维尔)比较了四种不同的投入生产实践。每年在蒂夫顿和普莱恩斯进行两次早播(4月)田间试验。一项早期种植试验涉及最大限度地使用推荐的农药并进行灌溉,而另一项早期种植试验没有使用任何杀菌剂、杀虫剂或灌溉。早播、最大投入、灌溉的生产方式导致季中总病害率和季末总病害发生率最高,同时也产生最高的豆荚产量和美元价值。作为官方全州品种试验(OVT)的一部分,在佐治亚州的蒂夫顿、平原和米德维尔进行了另外两个最佳种植(5月)最大投入的田间试验。这些OVT在灌溉和不灌溉的情况下都采用了最大投入的农药生产做法。在OVT中,季中TSW的发生率在灌溉和非灌溉之间没有差异;然而,季末总病害率(以TSW为主)确实显示出显著较高的病害率,在灌溉田间试验中,与非灌溉试验相比,豆荚产量和美元价值最高。在4个试验对比中,未施用杀菌剂和杀虫剂的早播试验和不灌溉的早播试验中,TSW发病率显著降低;而两种最优栽培品种的总发病率均最低。在包括灌溉在内的最大投入的最佳种植试验中,豆荚产量和美元价值的总体平均田间表现显著最高。19个花生品种间也存在显著差异。‘Georgia-06G’、‘Georgia-12Y’和‘Georgia-18RU’的相对TSW发生率最低。“Georgia-19HP”在弗吉尼亚型品种中TSW发病率和总发病率最低。在速生品种中,佐治亚- 12y在季末的总发病率最低。‘Georgia-06G’和‘Georgia-16HO’的荚果产量最高;而佐治亚- 18ru和佐治亚- 06g在跑型花生品种中价值最高。在维吉尼亚型品种中,Georgia-19HP的豆荚产量和美元价值最高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Relative Tomato Spotted Wilt Incidence and Field Performance among Peanut Cultivars as Influenced by Different Input Production Practices in Georgia.
During 2017-19, 30 replicated yield trials were conducted to determine relative tomato spotted wilt (TSW) incidence and general field performance among 19 runner and virginia market type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars.  Four different input production practices were compared across three Georgia locations (Tifton, Plains, and Midville).  Two early-planted (April) field tests were conducted at Tifton and Plains each year.  One early-planted trial involved maximum-input practices of recommended pesticides with irrigation, and the other early-planted field trial did not receive any fungicides, insecticides, or irrigation.  Early-planted maximum-input production practices with irrigation resulted in the highest percentage of mid-season TSW and late-season total disease incidences while also producing the highest pod yields and dollar values.  Two other optimum-planted (May) maximum-input field tests were conducted at Tifton, Plains, and Midville, GA as part of the official statewide variety trials (OVT). These OVT utilized maximum-input production practices of pesticides both with and without irrigation.  In the OVT, midseason TSW incidence showed no difference between irrigated and non-irrigated; however, the end-of-season total disease percentages which were predominantly TSW did show significantly higher disease percentage, produced the highest pod yields and dollar values within the irrigated field tests compared to the non-irrigated tests.  In the overall four tests comparison, disease results showed significantly lower TSW incidence in the early-planted tests without fungicides and insecticides input production practices and no-irrigation; whereas, both optimum planted OVT(s) had the lowest total disease incidence.  Overall average field performance for pod yields and dollar values were significantly highest in the optimum-planted tests with maximum-inputs including irrigation.  Significant differences were also found among the 19 peanut cultivars.  ‘Georgia-06G’, ‘Georgia-12Y’, and ‘Georgia-18RU’ had the lowest relative TSW incidence compared to the other runner-type cultivars.  ‘Georgia-19HP’ had the lowest TSW incidence and total disease incidence among the virginia-type cultivars.  Among the runner cultivars, Georgia-12Y had the lowest total disease incidence at the end of the season.  The highest pod yields were found with Georgia-06G and ‘Georgia-16HO’; whereas, Georgia-18RU and Georgia-06G had the highest dollar values among the runner-type peanut cultivars.  Georgia-19HP had the highest pod yield and dollar value among the virginia-type cultivars.
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