电池降解后回收的LiFePO4的电化学特性

Ivan Shcherbatiuk, Andrii Bazievskiy, Danylo Panchenko, Margaryta Gorobets, О. Potapenko, Кlym Vavilon, H. Potapenko, S. Kirillov, V. Zinin, S. Dubinevych, Оleksandr Golub
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摘要

由于LiFePO4 (LFP)具有大电流充电的能力,因此LFP电池广泛应用于家用电器和电动汽车中,因此废旧LFP电池的回收利用成为迫切需要。首先,它们含有电解质的有毒成分,不能埋在垃圾填埋场;其次,电极材料中所含锂的成本不断增加,因此锂重返循环是有利可图的,也是权宜之计。为了实现这一目标,在电极材料再生过程中,基于化学萃取Li2CO3和FePO4的湿法冶金工艺受到了广泛关注。本文报道了废旧LFP电池的湿化学回收。该工作的主要任务是通过柠檬酸溶液浸出简化LiFePO4再生过程,因为消除了Li2CO3和FePO4的分离阶段,即不需要选择性分离滤液成分。废LiFePO4的来源是由于内部短路而失效的工业磷酸铁锂电池。研究发现,在H3Cit:LiFePO4=0.5:1的配比下,柠檬酸可以高效、快速地将电极材料与铝集流器分离。对柠檬酸盐溶液进行进一步的热解和热处理,可以得到高纯度的LiFePO4/C复合材料,除了铁(II)和柠檬酸锂热解和结合材料在惰性气氛中热分解时形成的无定形碳外,没有外来杂质。采用该方法回收的LiFePO4/C复合材料的比容量(145 mA∙h/g)与商业类似物的比容量差异不显著。这表明本文提出的磷酸铁锂再生方法具有良好的应用前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LiFePO4, RECOVERED AFTER BATTERY DEGRADATION
Due to the ability of LiFePO4 (LFP) to be charged with large currents, LFP batteries are widely used in household appliances and elect­ric vehicles, so the recycling of spent LFP batteries becomes an urgent need. First, they contain toxic components of electrolyte that cannot be buried in landfills; secondly, the cost of lithium which contains in the electrode material continuously increases, and therefore its return to circulation is profitable and expe­dient. To achieve this goal, much attention is paid to hydrometallurgical processing based on the chemical extraction of Li2CO3 and FePO4 during the regeneration of the electrode material. Here we report on the wet chemistry recycling of used LFP batteries. The main task of the work was to simplify the LiFePO4 regene­ration process by leaching with a solution of citric acid due to the elimination of the stage of isolation of Li2CO3 and FePO4, i.e. without selective separation of the filtrate components. The source of spent LiFePO4 was an industrial lithium iron phosphate battery failed due to an internal short circuit. It was found that using citric acid in the ratio H3Cit:LiFePO4=0.5:1, it is possible to efficiently and quickly separate the electrode material from the aluminum current collector. Further pyrolysis and heat treatment of the citrate solution makes it possible to obtain a high-purity LiFePO4/C composite material without extraneous impurities, except for amorphous carbon, which is formed during the pyrolysis of iron (II) and lithium citrates and the thermal decomposition of the binding material in an inert atmosphere. The specific capacity of the LiFePO4/C composite material recovered by the proposed method (145 mA∙h/g) insignificantly differs from that of commercial analogues. This, in our opinion, indicates good prospects of the lithium-iron phosphate regeneration method proposed in this paper.
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