提高工业高温空气加热器工艺方案的效率

A. Makarov, M. Senchuk, A. Khodos, M. Kirienko
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摘要

分析了燃气-燃油空气加热器(热发生器)中两种典型的空气加热方案,其结构差异在于火管-燃烧室和对流受热面(烟囱)的相互位置。介绍了研制的用于干燥工艺过程的高温空气加热器-带空气加热的热发生器的改进结构方案。指出了目前公认的空气加热方案在经济性和可靠性方面的主要技术和运行优势。为了提高热重发生器的长期运行效率和可靠性,在热重发生器的开发设计中考虑了新的技术方案。在实验室和计算研究的基础上采用这些决定是有根据的。给出了利用吸热屏研究热应力受热面辐射对流换热的方案。在台架研究的基础上,介绍了热发生器热管冷却系统的设计,并建立了计算模型。通过计算,给出了受热壁面金属温度变化与单通道气流速度和带吸热屏的双通道气流宽度的关系。以变化依赖关系的形式优化加热对流面和烟囱入口位置的计算研究结果如下:对流包的长度取决于烟气的速度;不同结构下烟囱初始部分的气体、壁金属和空气的温度。在工业应用的高温空气加热器——燃气发生器TG-0.95-200、TG-1.9-200和ТГ-2、4-200的设计中实现了专利技术方案,空气加热温度为200℃。作为乌克兰、白俄罗斯、俄罗斯联邦、阿塞拜疆、乌兹别克斯坦、土库曼斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、波兰食品工业企业干燥设备的一部分,在多年的运行中,它们的高效率和可靠性得到了证实。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Improving the efficiency of the technological scheme of industrial high-temperature air heater
Two typical schemes of air heating in gas-oil air heaters (heat generators) are analyzed, the structural difference of which is characterized by the mutual location of the fire tube - combustion chamber and convective heating surface (chimneys). The improved constructive scheme of the developed high - temperature air heater - heat generator with air heating for technological processes of drying is described. The main technical and operational advantages of the accepted scheme of heating of air which differs in high economy and reliability are noted. New technical solutions in the developed design of the TG heat generator are considered for the purpose of increase of its efficiency and reliability at long operation. The adoption of these decisions on the basis of laboratory and computational research is substantiated. The scheme of the fire stand on studying the process of heat removal from heat-stressed heating surfaces by radiation-convective heat transfer with the use of heat-absorbing screens is given. Designed cooling systems for heat pipes of heat generators are described on the basis of bench researches and the calculation model is developed. The calculated dependences of the change in the temperature of the metal of the heated walls on the velocity of the air flow in a single channel and on the width of the double air channel with a heat-absorbing screen are given. The results of calculation researches for the purpose of optimization of a convective surface of heating and entrance sites of chimneys in the form of dependences of change are shown: length of convective packages depending on speed of flue gases; temperature of gases, metal of walls and air on the initial section of chimneys at various options of its configuration. Patented technical solutions in the designs of industrially implemented high-temperature air heaters - gas heat generators TG-0.95-200, TG-1.9-200 and ТГ-2,4-200 with an air heating temperature of 200 oC have been implemented. Their high efficiency and reliability during many years of operation as a part of drying installations at the enterprises of the food industry of Ukraine, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Poland are confirmed.
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