斯洛伐克star Hory山铜矿废弃地区系组成分析

IF 2.3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Web Ecology Pub Date : 2016-05-20 DOI:10.5194/WE-16-97-2016
Ingrid Turisová, P. Sabo, Tomáš Štrba, S. Koróny, P. Andras, P. Širka
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引用次数: 10

摘要

摘要Piesky铜场是中欧地区一个重要的历史废弃矿区,以土壤中重金属含量高而闻名,特别是铜,其含量在933.40 ~ 1485.40 mg kg−1之间。在2011-2014年植被季开展了植物区系和植物社会学研究。共发现维管植物156个分类群。最常见的种是白尾草、毛梗草、匍匐草、拟南芥和红羊茅,它们是斯洛伐克中部所有矿区的重要组成部分。我们研究了11个不同地点的植物社会学相关数据,这些数据被选择来捕捉植物群落在地形和生态变化、不同演替阶段和人类影响中的变异性。将其分为演替初期、草地、林分、湿地和野生动物取食地5个生境。对各样点的物种丰富度、多样性指数、金属植物、外来入侵物种、共生植物和原生非附生植物的代表性进行了评价。这种表征是基于物种数量和丰度,它们与所有分类群丰度和物种丰富度的比值反映在几个指标上,我们称之为植被(群落)组成的金属化指数、同生指数和自然度指数。此外,还采用了外来入侵分类群指标和本地非附生植物比例指标。此外,利用基于Ellenberg指标值的植物指示方法,对11个样地的基本地形特征和气候、土壤变量进行了表征。相关分析揭示了其中一些指标与气候和土壤变量之间的一些重要和有意义的关联。原生非附生植物数量与温度之间的负相关关系(以及它们在单个生境中的相对丰度与光照之间的负相关关系)部分证实了在矿堆上,合生植物的数量退缩到顶极林分。其他相关性证实,在富营养化程度较高和矿堆酸性较低的土壤中,一个地点的植被共生作用也较高。物种丰富度在草地和湿地最高,在演替初期最低,而β多样性则呈相反的下降趋势。2000年和2010年对该矿堆进行部分复垦时,水处理厂的污水污泥带来了土壤中较高的养分,吸引了大部分共生植物生长在草地上。其背后的想法是支持和加速演替,然而使用污泥可能不是最好的选择。尽管对其化学成分进行了严格控制,但大量的养分输入不可避免地增加了植被覆盖中合生植物的数量。最后,在矿山幼堆上种植落叶树作为直接演替的方法比种植针叶树更好。后一种树木产生酸性凋落物,增加土壤中重金属的流动性。我们发现,Piesky垃圾场是研究极端环境下原始演替和定向演替过程及其对植被区系组成影响的一个非常合适的地点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Analyses of floristic composition of the abandoned Cu-dump field Piesky (Staré Hory Mountains, Slovakia)
Abstract. The Cu-dump field Piesky is an important historical abandoned mining area in the region of central Europe, well known for the high content of heavy metals in its soil, especially copper, the content of which varies from 933.40 to 1485.40 mg kg−1. Floristic and phytosociological research was carried out here during the vegetation seasons in 2011–2014. Altogether a total of 156 taxa of vascular plants were found. The most common species were Acetosella vulgaris, Agrostis capillaris, A. stolonifera, Arabidopsis arenosa and Festuca rubra, which were important constituents of all mine heaps in central Slovakia. We examined a total of 11 phytosociological releves at various sites, which were selected to capture the variability of plant communities throughout topographical and ecological variability, various successional stages and impacts from humans. They were classified into five habitats: initial successional stages, grasslands, forest stands, wetland and feeding grounds for wild animals. Each site was evaluated in terms of its species richness, index of diversity and the representation of metallophytic, alien invasive species, synanthrophytes and native non-apophytes. This representation is based on species number and abundance, and their ratios to all taxa abundance and species richness are reflected by several indicators, which we have called indexes of metallophytization, synanthropization and naturalness of the vegetation (community) composition. In addition, indexes of invasive alien taxa and native non-apophytes proportion were used. Furthermore, each of the 11 sites was characterized by its basic topographic properties and climatic and edaphic variables, using the phytoindication approach based on the Ellenberg indicator values. The correlation analysis has uncovered several important and significant associations between some of these indicators and the climatic and edaphic variables. The negative correlations between the number of native non-apophytes and temperature (and between their relative abundances in the individual habitats and light) partially confirm that on mine heaps the numbers of synanthrophytes retreat into climax forest stands. Other correlations confirm that synanthropisation of the vegetation at a site is also higher in more eutrophic and less acidic soils for mine heaps. The species richness was highest in the grasslands and wetland and lowest in the initial succession stages, while beta diversity decreased in an opposite direction. Most synanthrophytes were found on grasslands, attracted by higher amount of nutrients in the soil, brought by sewage sludge from water treatment plants during partial recultivation of this mine heap in the years 2000 and 2010. The idea behind it was to support and accelerate the succession, however the use of the sludge may not have been the best option. Despite strict control of its chemical content, a high input of nutrients inevitably increases numbers of synanthrophytes in the vegetation cover. Finally, planting deciduous trees on young mine heaps as a method of directed succession is a better option than planting coniferous ones. The latter trees create acidic litter, increasing heavy metal mobility in the soil. We have found the dump heap Piesky to be a very suitable locality for studying processes of primary and directed succession in extreme environments and their impacts on the floristic composition of vegetation.
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来源期刊
Web Ecology
Web Ecology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
6
审稿时长
17 weeks
期刊介绍: Web Ecology (WE) is an open-access journal issued by the European Ecological Federation (EEF) representing the ecological societies within Europe and associated members. Its special value is to serve as a publication forum for national ecological societies that do not maintain their own society journal. Web Ecology publishes papers from all fields of ecology without any geographic restriction. It is a forum to communicate results of experimental, theoretical, and descriptive studies of general interest to an international audience. Original contributions, short communications, and reviews on ecological research on all kinds of organisms and ecosystems are welcome as well as papers that express emerging ideas and concepts with a sound scientific background.
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