与乌克兰引种有关的木蛙种内变异和种群生态学

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The age structure of the population of S. woodiana is formed by juveniles (the number of 2–3 year old molluscs is 39.5 and 57.1% of two biotopes, respectively), individuals of middle age (4–6 years old – 51.2 and 38.1%) and individuals of the senior group (9.3 and 4.8%). The ratio of age groups in the age structure is 0.8 : 1 : 0.2 for molluscs from the River Repida and 1.5 : 1 : 0.1 for a S. woodiana from the pond. In the sex structure of the molluscs from Repida River males dominated (female: male ratio is 0.7 : 1), but in the sex structure of the investigated group from a pond females were quantitatively superior to males (1.3 : 1). The presence of a significant proportion of young individuals indicate an active reproduction of the local populations. We found glochidia in the gills of females of S. woodiana with a shell length of 9.3–17.5 cm. 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引用次数: 1

摘要

双壳软体动物Sinanodonta woodiana Lea, 1834,中国池塘贻贝是一种快速殖民新领土的物种。本文介绍了对敖德萨州Matroska村的Repida河和日托米尔州Hnylop 'yat河流域的一个池塘的中国池塘贻贝的形态和生态学的研究结果。对这些动物种群的生物量、密度、年龄和性别结构进行了分析。Repida河和Romanivka村池塘的软体动物生物量分别为227.1和133.5 g/m2,密度分别为1.8和0.5 ind./m2。群落的年龄结构由幼体(2 ~ 3岁软体动物占39.5%和57.1%)、中年个体(4 ~ 6岁占51.2%和38.1%)和老年群体个体(9.3和4.8%)构成。在年龄结构中,雷比达河软体动物的年龄比为0.8:1:1:0.2,池塘中木螺的年龄比为1.5:1:1:0.1。在性别结构上,来自Repida河的软体动物雄性占主导地位(雌雄比为0.7:1),但在来自池塘的软体动物群体中,雌性在数量上优于雄性(1.3:1)。年轻个体的存在表明当地种群的繁殖活跃。结果表明,在母鱼的鳃中发现了glochidia,壳长9.3 ~ 17.5 cm。也就是说,即使在乌克兰北部自然温度条件下的水库中,软体动物的生长速度很慢,它们也能够在2岁时繁殖。本文给出了中国池塘贻贝壳的形态测定和所调查种群的生物局部偏好。介绍了木黛安娜贝壳的高水平形态变异,特别是它们的形状和颜色。在Matroska村附近的河流中,贝壳的平均长度为106±9.7毫米。来自Romanivka村池塘的软体动物体型较大(132.4±6.9 mm)。在Repida河和Romanivka村池塘的软体动物中,S. woodiana具有较高、较短的壳(H/L指数分别为0.68和0.61)和较凸的壳(W/L指数为0.37和0.39)。在新条件下驯化后,罗曼尼夫卡村池塘的软体动物的贝壳形态指标发生了明显的变化。因此,该池塘软体动物的H/L指数在统计上显著下降,而W/H指数则有所上升。W/L指数差异无统计学意义。因此,把软体动物引进池塘后,它们的壳的大小绝对增大,高度相对减小。低水温并没有限制木藻的扩散。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Intraspecific variation and population ecology of Sinanodonta woodiana (Bivalvia, Unionidae) in connection with the introduction of this species in Ukraine
The bivalve mollusc Sinanodonta woodiana Lea, 1834, Chinese pond mussel is a species that quickly colonizes new territories. The article presents the results of research of the morphology and ecology of the Chinese pond mussel from a Repida River (Matroska Village, Odessa Oblast) and a pond in the Hnylop’yat River basin (Romanivka Village, Zhytomir Oblast). The biomass, density, age and sex structure of the populations of these animals were analyzed. The biomass of molluscs is 227.1 and 133.5 g/m2 from the Repida River and a pond in the Romanivka Village, respectively, the density is 1.8 and 0.5 ind./m2. The age structure of the population of S. woodiana is formed by juveniles (the number of 2–3 year old molluscs is 39.5 and 57.1% of two biotopes, respectively), individuals of middle age (4–6 years old – 51.2 and 38.1%) and individuals of the senior group (9.3 and 4.8%). The ratio of age groups in the age structure is 0.8 : 1 : 0.2 for molluscs from the River Repida and 1.5 : 1 : 0.1 for a S. woodiana from the pond. In the sex structure of the molluscs from Repida River males dominated (female: male ratio is 0.7 : 1), but in the sex structure of the investigated group from a pond females were quantitatively superior to males (1.3 : 1). The presence of a significant proportion of young individuals indicate an active reproduction of the local populations. We found glochidia in the gills of females of S. woodiana with a shell length of 9.3–17.5 cm. That is, even with slow growth rates of molluscs in a reservoir with a natural temperature condition of northern Ukraine, they are capable of reproduction at 2 years of age. The data on morphometry of the shells of Chinese pond mussels and biotopical preferences of investigated population of these mollusсs are given. The high level of morphological variability of the shells of S. woodiana, in particular their shape and color, is presented. In the river near the Matroska Village, the average length of a shell is 106±9.7 mm. Molluscs from the pond in the Romanivka Village have larger sizes (132.4±6.9 mm). S. woodiana have a relatively high, short (H/L index value is 0.68 and 0.61 in molluscs from the Repida River and a pond in the Romanivka Village, respectively) and rather convex shell (W/L index is 0.37 and 0.39). After acclimatization under the new conditions, a change in the morphometric indices of the shell in mollusсs from the pond in the Romanivka Village is noticeable. Thus, a statistically significant decrease in the H/L index and an increase in the W/H index in mollusсs from the pond were noted. There were no statistically significant differences in the W/L index. Consequently, mollusсs, introduced into the pond, had an absolute increase in the size of the shell and a relative decrease in its height. The low water temperature does not limit the spread of S. woodiana.
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