Assessment of EPP Material Form Helmet Liner

: Studies have shown that bicyclers wearing helmets exhibit a significantly lower rate of sustaining head trauma than those not wearing helmets do, confirming the protection effectiveness of helmets. The shapes and material characteristics of liner play a crucial role in buffer performance. Many foam materials exist for liner. Selecting liner materials that are high in impact absorption capacity, light in weight, and environmentally friendly is essential to designing bicycle helmets. Studies have shown that bicyclers wearing helmets exhibit a significantly lower rate of sustaining head trauma than those not wearing helmets do, confirming the protection effectiveness of helmets. This study established and analyzed impact test models in LS-DYNA according to the helmet standards of EN 1078: 2006, CPSC: 16 CFR Part 1203, and SNELL B95. Currently, most bicycle helmets in the market feature expanded polystyrene (EPS) liner. To enhance the impact absorption performance of helmets, this study adopted a new liner materials-expanded polypropylene (EPP). The impact absorption performance of the helmet models employed in this study was analyzed and compared to evaluate the applicability of the new liner materials in bicycle helmets.