{"title":"水分胁迫下红花栽培后生物炭和化肥处理的干旱土壤土壤钾的关系","authors":"M. Najafi-Ghiri, E. Bijanzadeh, M. Ghaedi","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2158960","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Safflower cultivation has been developed in arid regions of Iran in the recent decade. Potassium (K) is an important plant nutrient and its content has been decreased in arid soils due to the intensive agriculture and no K fertilizer application. We tried to monitor K pools distribution and K release in a calcareous soil cultivated with safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under normal irrigation and water stress when treated with wheat biochar (WB), cotton biochar (CB), nitrogen + phosphorus (N + P), N + P + WB and N + P + CB. All fertilizer treatments except N + P increased the contents of soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable and HNO3-extractable K by 81-124, 64-98, 14-28 and 31-50%, respectively. The N + P treatment decreased soluble and non-exchangeable K by 10 and 6%, respectively and increased exchangeable K by 12%. Ten times extraction of control soil with 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.01 M oxalic acid and 1% wood vinegar released 270, 250 and 256 mg K kg−1, respectively and cumulative K release increased with all fertilizer treatments except N + P. The CaCl2 solution extracted more K from soil samples, as compared to the oxalic acid and wood vinegar, and this difference was considerable in the first stages of K extraction. Analysis of Al and Ca release proves that exchange reaction is the main mechanism of K extraction with all solutions. Water stress increased soluble K content by 17%. Cumulative K released from soil samples under normal irrigation and water stress were 404 and 417 mg kg−1, respectively. It is concluded that irrigated agriculture in arid regions may decrease soil available K and use of different biochars improves soil K availability and its K release potential.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"3 1","pages":"427 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Soil potassium relations in an arid soil treated with biochar and chemical fertilizers after cultivation with safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under water stress\",\"authors\":\"M. Najafi-Ghiri, E. Bijanzadeh, M. Ghaedi\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/15324982.2022.2158960\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstract Safflower cultivation has been developed in arid regions of Iran in the recent decade. Potassium (K) is an important plant nutrient and its content has been decreased in arid soils due to the intensive agriculture and no K fertilizer application. We tried to monitor K pools distribution and K release in a calcareous soil cultivated with safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under normal irrigation and water stress when treated with wheat biochar (WB), cotton biochar (CB), nitrogen + phosphorus (N + P), N + P + WB and N + P + CB. All fertilizer treatments except N + P increased the contents of soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable and HNO3-extractable K by 81-124, 64-98, 14-28 and 31-50%, respectively. The N + P treatment decreased soluble and non-exchangeable K by 10 and 6%, respectively and increased exchangeable K by 12%. Ten times extraction of control soil with 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.01 M oxalic acid and 1% wood vinegar released 270, 250 and 256 mg K kg−1, respectively and cumulative K release increased with all fertilizer treatments except N + P. The CaCl2 solution extracted more K from soil samples, as compared to the oxalic acid and wood vinegar, and this difference was considerable in the first stages of K extraction. Analysis of Al and Ca release proves that exchange reaction is the main mechanism of K extraction with all solutions. Water stress increased soluble K content by 17%. Cumulative K released from soil samples under normal irrigation and water stress were 404 and 417 mg kg−1, respectively. It is concluded that irrigated agriculture in arid regions may decrease soil available K and use of different biochars improves soil K availability and its K release potential.\",\"PeriodicalId\":8380,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Arid Land Research and Management\",\"volume\":\"3 1\",\"pages\":\"427 - 446\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-12-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Arid Land Research and Management\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2158960\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Arid Land Research and Management","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2158960","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
近十年来,红花栽培在伊朗干旱地区得到了发展。钾是一种重要的植物养分,由于集约化农业和不施钾肥,干旱土壤中钾的含量下降。在正常灌溉和水分胁迫条件下,采用小麦生物炭(WB)、棉花生物炭(CB)、氮+磷(N + P)、N + P + WB和N + P + CB处理红花钙质土壤,对土壤钾库分布和钾释放进行了监测。除N + P外,其余施肥处理可使可溶性、交换性、非交换性和hno3可萃取性钾含量分别提高81-124、64-98、14-28和31-50%。N + P处理使可溶性钾和非交换性钾分别降低了10%和6%,使交换性钾增加了12%。对照土以0.01 M CaCl2、0.01 M草酸和1%木醋分别抽提10次,释钾量分别为270、250和256 mg K kg - 1,除N + P外,其余施肥处理的累积释钾量均有所增加。与草酸和木醋相比,CaCl2溶液从土壤样品中提取更多的钾,这种差异在提取钾的第一阶段是相当大的。对Al和Ca的释放分析表明,交换反应是各溶液萃取K的主要机理。水分胁迫使可溶性钾含量增加17%。正常灌溉和水分胁迫下土壤样品的累积钾释放量分别为404和417 mg kg−1。综上所述,干旱地区灌溉农业可降低土壤速效钾,不同生物炭的使用可提高土壤速效钾的释放潜力。
Soil potassium relations in an arid soil treated with biochar and chemical fertilizers after cultivation with safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under water stress
Abstract Safflower cultivation has been developed in arid regions of Iran in the recent decade. Potassium (K) is an important plant nutrient and its content has been decreased in arid soils due to the intensive agriculture and no K fertilizer application. We tried to monitor K pools distribution and K release in a calcareous soil cultivated with safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under normal irrigation and water stress when treated with wheat biochar (WB), cotton biochar (CB), nitrogen + phosphorus (N + P), N + P + WB and N + P + CB. All fertilizer treatments except N + P increased the contents of soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable and HNO3-extractable K by 81-124, 64-98, 14-28 and 31-50%, respectively. The N + P treatment decreased soluble and non-exchangeable K by 10 and 6%, respectively and increased exchangeable K by 12%. Ten times extraction of control soil with 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.01 M oxalic acid and 1% wood vinegar released 270, 250 and 256 mg K kg−1, respectively and cumulative K release increased with all fertilizer treatments except N + P. The CaCl2 solution extracted more K from soil samples, as compared to the oxalic acid and wood vinegar, and this difference was considerable in the first stages of K extraction. Analysis of Al and Ca release proves that exchange reaction is the main mechanism of K extraction with all solutions. Water stress increased soluble K content by 17%. Cumulative K released from soil samples under normal irrigation and water stress were 404 and 417 mg kg−1, respectively. It is concluded that irrigated agriculture in arid regions may decrease soil available K and use of different biochars improves soil K availability and its K release potential.
期刊介绍:
Arid Land Research and Management, a cooperating journal of the International Union of Soil Sciences , is a common outlet and a valuable source of information for fundamental and applied research on soils affected by aridity. This journal covers land ecology, including flora and fauna, as well as soil chemistry, biology, physics, and other edaphic aspects. The journal emphasizes recovery of degraded lands and practical, appropriate uses of soils. Reports of biotechnological applications to land use and recovery are included. Full papers and short notes, as well as review articles and book and meeting reviews are published.