Characteristics in trace elements compositions of tephras (B-Tm and To-a) for identification tools

Copyright © 2021 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. lacustrine and marine sediments can be preserved well when undisturbed by postdeposition erosion. Multiple dating studies using tephrochronology have been performed on lacustrine and marine sediments (Hopkins et al., 2015; Matsu’ura and Komatsubara, 2017; Sirocko et al., 2013). In order to establish the tephra layer as a robust chronological tool, it is essential to characterize each tephra using multiple approaches, such as morphology, mineralogy and geochemistry. The absolute date of the Millennium Eruption (ME) of Changbaishan Volcano (also referred to as Mt. Paektu, Baekdusan or Tianchi), located at the border between China and North Korea (Fig. 1a), has been defined as AD 946 analyzed by dendrochronological approaches (Hakozaki et al., 2018; Oppenheimer et al., 2017). This date is based on 14C contents in tree rings collected at the foot of Changbaishan Volcano by matching the observed 14C variations against the AD 774–775 14C spike (Miyake Characteristics in trace elements compositions of tephras (B-Tm and To-a) for identification tools