大衰退以来服务贸易政策的演变

Ingo Borchert, Joscelyn Magdeleine, Juan A. Marchetti, A. Mattoo
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引用次数: 9

摘要

服务市场的变化是在引发改革、限制还是惯性?为了解决这个问题,本文利用了世界银行-世界贸易组织新的服务贸易政策数据库。本文分析了68个经济体在金融服务、电信、分销、运输和专业服务五大领域的23个子部门的服务贸易政策。政策措施按照新颖、一致和透明的框架量化为服务贸易限制指数(STRI)。本文确定了过去十年中各部门和经济体的服务贸易政策模式以及长期趋势。平均而言,高收入经济体仍比发展中经济体更加开放,但各部门改革的时间顺序明显不同。在电信和金融领域,由于以前限制较多的发展中经济体的自由化,它们趋向于更大程度的开放。在迄今受到普遍保护的运输和专业服务领域,随着一些高收入经济体率先进行改革,政策出现了分歧。但是,虽然大多数服务部门的明确限制正在降低(与最近货物贸易政策的发展形成对比),但更多地诉诸于监管审查,特别是在高收入经济体。这些措施可以反映合理的审慎或安全关切,但也可以反映采取不太透明的保护形式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Evolution of Services Trade Policy Since the Great Recession
Are changes in services markets provoking reform, restrictions, or inertia? To address this question, this paper draws on a new World Bank-World Trade Organization Services Trade Policy Database. The paper analyzes the services trade policies of 68 economies in 23 subsectors across five broad areas -- financial services, telecommunications, distribution, transportation, and professional services. Policy measures are quantified into a Services Trade Restrictions Index (STRI) following a novel, consistent and transparent framework. The paper identifies patterns of services trade policies across sectors and economies, and secular trends over the past decade. Higher income economies are still more open on average than developing economies, but the chronology of reform differs markedly across sectors. In telecommunications and finance, there is convergence toward greater openness driven by liberalization in the previously more restrictive developing economies. In the hitherto universally protected transport and professional services, there is policy divergence, as some higher income economies pioneer reform. But while explicit restrictions are being lowered in most services sectors—in contrast to recent developments in goods trade policy -- there is greater recourse to regulatory scrutiny, especially in higher income economies. These measures could reflect legitimate prudential or security concerns, but they could also reflect recourse to less transparent forms of protection.
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