非混相气驱和混相气驱组成油藏模拟升级程序的差异

Victor de Souza Rios, A. Skauge, K. Sorbie, G. Wang, D. Schiozer, Luiz Otávio Schmall dos Santos
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引用次数: 2

摘要

储层成分模拟对于表征气驱过程中复杂的相互作用至关重要。一般来说,对这种小尺度现象的改进描述需要使用非常详细的油藏模型,这会影响计算成本。考虑到每个油藏模型的性质和局限性,我们提供了一个实用且通用的升级程序来指导升级方法的稳健选择,探索非混相和混相注气问题升级之间的差异。我们强调了不同的挑战,以逐步实现非混相和混相气体驱替条件的改进升级模型。我们首先确定需要一种特殊的渗透率升级技术来改善主要储层非均质性和子网格特征的表示,并在升级过程中进行平滑。然后,我们验证了是否有必要使用伪函数来纠正多相流的动态行为。在这个阶段,根据问题的混相条件推荐不同的伪化方法。本研究对非混相气驱和混相气驱的高非均质储层模型进行了评价。精细模型代表了水库的一小部分,具有高度精细的网格块单元集,面积为5 × 5 cm2。升级后的粗糙模型具有8 × 10 m2的网格块单元,与油藏工程研究中的精细地质模型相适应。这一过程产生了一个具有挑战性的升级比例,即32 000。我们展示了在不同混相条件下,用粗尺度模型得到可靠结果的一致过程。对于非混相驱替情况,采用适当的渗透率上尺度处理和拟相对渗透率曲线改善动态响应后,采用粗模型可以得到较准确的结果。然而,混相驱需要对流体建模过程进行特殊处理,以克服热力学平衡假设所产生的局限性。对于所有的情况,工作流可以导致一个健壮的技术选择,以令人满意地改善粗略的模拟结果。我们的方法在两个方面起作用。(1)我们采用了Rios等人(2020a)开发的双孔隙度/双渗透率上尺度过程,以便在粗尺度模型中表示子网格非均质性,从而对上尺度结果提供了一致的改进。(2)根据气驱过程的混相条件生成特定的伪函数。我们开发了一个循序渐进的程序,以一致地处理升级问题,并使人们更好地理解粗化过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Differences in the Upscaling Procedure for Compositional Reservoir Simulations of Immiscible and Miscible Gas Flooding
Compositional reservoir simulation is essential to represent the complex interactions associated with gas flooding processes. Generally, an improved description of such small-scale phenomena requires the use of very detailed reservoir models, which impact the computational cost. We provide a practical and general upscaling procedure to guide a robust selection of the upscaling approaches considering the nature and limitations of each reservoir model, exploring the differences between the upscaling of immiscible and miscible gas injection problems. We highlight the different challenges to achieve improved upscaled models for immiscible and miscible gas displacement conditions with a stepwise workflow. We first identify the need for a special permeability upscaling technique to improve the representation of the main reservoir heterogeneities and sub-grid features, smoothed during the upscaling process. Then, we verify if the use of pseudo-functions is necessary to correct the multiphase flow dynamic behavior. At this stage, different pseudoization approaches are recommended according to the miscibility conditions of the problem. This study evaluates highly heterogeneous reservoir models submitted to immiscible and miscible gas flooding. The fine models represent a small part of a reservoir with a highly refined set of grid-block cells, with 5 × 5 cm2 area. The upscaled coarse models present grid-block cells of 8 × 10 m2 area, which is compatible with a refined geological model in reservoir engineering studies. This process results in a challenging upscaling ratio of 32 000. We show a consistent procedure to achieve reliable results with the coarse-scale model under the different miscibility conditions. For immiscible displacement situations, accurate results can be obtained with the coarse models after a proper permeability upscaling procedure and the use of pseudo-relative permeability curves to improve the dynamic responses. Miscible displacements, however, requires a specific treatment of the fluid modeling process to overcome the limitations arising from the thermodynamic equilibrium assumption. For all the situations, the workflow can lead to a robust choice of techniques to satisfactorily improve the coarse-scale simulation results. Our approach works on two fronts. (1) We apply a dual-porosity/dual-permeability upscaling process, developed by Rios et al. (2020a), to enable the representation of sub-grid heterogeneities in the coarse-scale model, providing consistent improvements on the upscaling results. (2) We generate specific pseudo-functions according to the miscibility conditions of the gas flooding process. We developed a stepwise procedure to deal with the upscaling problems consistently and to enable a better understanding of the coarsening process.
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