超越生产的城市经济地理:内罗毕的社会技术系统和再生城市化的挑战

IF 2.4 Q2 ECONOMICS
James T. Murphy
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在全球范围内,城市-区域经济正以高度多样化、不均衡的方式发展。在经济地理学中,对城市-区域发展的研究强调创新的、具有全球竞争力的工业部门的出现和提高城市-区域在全球市场上的交换价值的前景。这种侧重反映了一种生产主义偏见,可能无法解决与城市转型有关的使用价值或生活条件问题。这种担忧在全球南方国家尤其严重,因为那里的城市化往往没有导致使大多数城市居民受益的社会经济变革。为了研究城市交换和使用价值之间的关系,本文提出了一种社会技术系统方法,将城市概念化为与生产、消费和基础设施相关的相互依赖或耦合的制度,这些制度稳定了城市区域经济并确定了发展路径。这个框架是经验性地用来审查肯尼亚内罗毕的情况的。内罗毕是一个迅速增长的城市区域经济,其特点是外来直接投资的比率很高,主要是在消费制度中的投机性房地产企业。国内制造业(生产体制)停滞不前,难以与进口竞争,未能为基础设施体制创造广泛的正式就业和增加税收。最终的结果是一个城市的特点是支离破碎或分裂的政权,造成高度不平衡和排他性的发展结果。将这些动态和结果与坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆的一项类似研究相结合进行分析,以证明这种概念方法的相对潜力。本文最后呼吁经济地理学家更好地解释城市-区域经济的使用价值,使生产之外的发展问题成为我们分析的核心。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Urban-economic geographies beyond production: Nairobi’s sociotechnical system and the challenge of generative urbanization
Abstract Urban-regional economies are developing in highly variegated, uneven ways globally. In economic geography, studies of urban-regional development emphasize the prospects for innovative, globally-competitive industrial sectors to emerge and enhance a city-region’s exchange value in global markets. This focus reflects a productivist bias that may fail to address issues related to the use-value of, or living conditions associated with urban transitions. Such concerns are particularly significant in the Global South where urbanization has often not led to socioeconomic transformations that benefit the majority of urban residents. To examine the relationships between a city’s exchange and use value, this paper argues for a sociotechnical systems approach that conceptualizes cities as constituted by interdependent or coupled regimes related to production, consumption, and infrastructure that stabilize urban-regional economies and determine development pathways. The framework is deployed empirically to examine the case of Nairobi, Kenya – a rapidly growing urban-regional economy characterized by high rates of inward foreign direct investment, principally in speculative real estate ventures in the consumption regime. Domestic manufacturing industries (the production regime) are stagnating, struggling to compete against imports, and failing to generate widespread formal employment and raise tax revenues for the infrastructure regime. The net result is a city characterized by fragmented or splintered regimes that create highly uneven, exclusionary development outcomes. These dynamics and findings are analyzed in relation to a similar study of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in order to demonstrate the comparative potential of this conceptual approach. The paper concludes with a call for economic geographers to better account for the use-value of urban-regional economies such that development concerns beyond production become more central to our analyses.
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