Multi-Objective Optimization of Cascade Refrigeration System Using the Concept of Modified and Advanced Exergy, Risk Level and Thermal Inventory

This work conceives the performance of vapor compression cascaded refrigeration system (CRS) from the exergy, safety and thermal inventory points of view employing the theory of effective temperature ([Formula: see text] than environment temperature ([Formula: see text] in Gouy–Stodola equation. Comparative results show that the actual irreversible loss in CRS is 8.1% higher. Further, advanced exergy analysis results showed that 17.985[Formula: see text]kW irreversible loss (out of 33.737[Formula: see text]kW irreversible loss) in the system is evadable with improvement in the system design. Besides, the vulnerability of toxic fluid R717 is reported in terms of the total risk level. Moreover, the economy matter is expressed in terms of its total thermal inventory. At the base case, total risk level and total thermal inventory are determined to be 454.3 US$ and 48.86[Formula: see text]kW/K, respectively. First, sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the variation in irreversible loss, total risk level and thermal inventory at different evaporator and condenser temperatures with different degrees of overlap (decision variables). A total of nine simulations are designed using the Taguchi technique. Later, multi-objective optimization is employed. The optimization process reduced the total irreversibility and annual risk level of CRS by 10.2% and 8.9%, respectively, with 6.8% increase in thermal inventory.