某些植物科对某些作物安全除草的化感作用能力

M. Mohamed
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引用次数: 0

摘要

一些植物科(豆科、菊科、芸苔科、豆科、索兰科、葫芦科....)具有不同的化感能力,能产生并向环境中散发化感物质,抑制周围地区一年生杂草的生长。在本研究中,小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)、玉米(Zea mays L.)及其相关的一年生杂草在轮作期间暴露于其前茬作物产生的化感化学物质。小麦之前的夏季作物有玉米、高粱、苜蓿、豇豆和向日葵。而在玉米之前的冬季作物分别是红花、大麦、油菜、黑麦、燕麦和小麦。为此,2003-2005年冬季和夏季在中国沙漠研究中心Maryout实验站进行了两次野外试验。小麦相关杂草的鲜重和干重分别在玉米、高粱、苜蓿、向日葵、金盏花和豇豆之后种植小麦而显著降低。作物残茬分解期结束后,小麦籽粒产量和生物产量均呈同种顺序显著增加。玉米后播小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦和红花显著降低了玉米伴生杂草的鲜重和干重。玉米籽粒产量和生物产量分别在同一种序上显著增加。与其他科相比,禾本科和豆科是在小麦和玉米之前使用的最好的科,对一年生作物伴生杂草的防治效果最好。本研究旨在研究小麦或玉米前几个植物科在农业循环中的化感作用能力,以控制小麦或玉米伴生杂草,同时提高其生长和生产力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Allelopathic capability of some plant families on safe weed control in certain crops
Some plant families (Fabaceae,Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, Solenaceae, Cucurbitaceae....) have different allelopathic capability to produce and exude allelochemicals into their environments to suppress the growth of annual weeds in their surrounding area. In this study, wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), corn ( Zea mays L.) and their associated annual weeds were exposed to the allelochemicals arised from their previousing crops during the crop rotation. The summer crops prior to wheat were maize, sorghum, panicum, alfalfa, cowpea, sunflower. While the winter crops prior to maize were safflower, barley, canola, rye, oat, wheat, respectively. For this target two field experiments were conducted at Maryout Experimental Station, Desert Research Center during 2003-2005 winter and summer seasons. Weed species associated to wheat exhibited substantial significant reduction in its fresh and dry weights as a result of growing wheat subsequent to maize, sorghum, alfalfa, sunflower, panicum and cowpea, respectively. Wheat grain yield and biological yield showed significant increases with the same species order after the decomposition period of crop residues. . The fresh and dry weights of weed species associated to maize were reduced significantly by sowing maize subsequent to wheat, barley, oat, rye and safflower, respectively. Maize grain yield and biological yield showed significant increases with the same species order, respectively. The families of Poaceae and Fabaceae was the best families that were used before wheat and maize in control of annual weeds associated with crops compared to other families. This work aimed to study the allelopathic capability of some plant families that precede each of wheat or maize in the agricultural cycle, to control the annual weeds associated to wheat or maize and same time to increase their growth and productivity.
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