防护制度对玉米主要害虫数量限制的影响

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Nina Rudska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文在阐明玉米作物中噬菌体的种类组成的基础上,重点阐述了在文尼察地区的条件下,建立玉米防治复合害虫和控制害虫数量系统的理论概括和解决问题的方法。在种子处理和化学制剂喷药时,应注意杀虫剂的危害性和数量限制。澄清了玉米有害昆虫区系的种类组成,鉴定出7目32种昆虫和螨类1种。鞘翅目占45.2%,鳞翅目占15.2%。双翅目和蓟马在玉米作物中数量最少,为5.3%。玉米作物中数量最多的科被确定为象鼻虫、象鼻虫、片叶虫和食叶虫。确定了对玉米种子和幼苗的最大威胁是象鼻虫(Elateridae)和板胡甲虫(Scarabaeidae)的幼虫,玉米研究期间对生殖器官最危险的害虫是棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.)。因此,实施玉米作物保护制度,限制上述噬菌体的数量。评价了现代杀虫剂对玉米主要害虫的防治效果及优化使用方法。结果表明,强力Zea 280 FS (5,5 l/t)和Poncho 600 FS (2,5 l/t)毒株的技术效率最高。粉虱幼虫为82.2%和81.1%;Poncho 600 FS分别为81.8%和82.6%,幼虫密度是对照的近4.5倍,产量保有量为0.69 ~ 1.19 t/ha。在对玉米作物上的棉铃虫幼虫进行杀虫剂试验时,技术效率最高的是Koragen 20 hp杀虫剂。(0.15 l/ha) - 86.0%, Ampligo 150 ZC, FC (0.2 l/ha) - 80.8%。使用所调查的杀虫剂后,玉米产量超过对照。节约产量为0.23 ~ 0.32 t/ha。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
INFLUENCE OF THE PROTECTION SYSTEM ON LIMITATION OF THE NUMBER OF MAIN PESTS IN CORN CROPS
This article highlights the theoretical generalization and solution of the problem, which consists in the development and substantiated elements of the system of protecting corn from a complex of pests and controlling their number in the conditions of the Vinnytsia district, which is based on the clarification of the species composition of phytophages in corn crops, their harmfulness and limiting the number when applied insecticides for seed treatment and spraying of crops with chemical preparations. The species composition of the harmful entomofauna of corn was clarified and 32 species of insects from 7 orders and one species of mites were identified. The order was dominated by Coleoptera – 45,2% and Lepidoptera – 15,2%. Diptera and thrips were the least numerous in corn crops – 5,3%. The most numerous families in corn crops are determined to be weevils, weevils, lamellae, and leaf-eaters. It was established that the biggest threat to the seeds and seedlings of corn was the larvae of weevils (Elateridae) and the larvae of plate-bearded beetles (Scarabaeidae), and the most dangerous pest of generative organs during the years of corn research was the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.). Therefore, the corn crop protection system was implemented to limit the number of the above-mentioned phytophages. The effectiveness of modern insecticides against the dominant pests of corn and optimized methods of their application were evaluated. It was established that the highest technical efficiency of insecticide poisons was noted in variants with poisoners Force Zea 280 FS (5,5 l/t) and Poncho 600 FS (2,5 l/t). 82,2% and 81,1% for whitefly larvae; Poncho 600 FS – 81,8% and 82,6%, respectively, while the density of pest larvae was almost 4.5 times higher than in the control, and the yield preservation was at the level of 0,69–1,19 t/ha . When testing insecticides against cotton bollworm caterpillars on corn crops, the highest technical efficiency was provided by the insecticides: Koragen 20 hp. (0,15 l/ha) – 86,0% and Ampligo 150 ZC, FC (0.2 l/ha) – 80,5%. With the use of the investigated insecticides, the yield of corn exceeded the control. The saved yield was 0,23–0,32 t/ha.
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来源期刊
Agriculture and Forestry
Agriculture and Forestry Environmental Science-Nature and Landscape Conservation
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
58
审稿时长
15 weeks
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