爱沙尼亚百年林业学术教育

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
I. Sibul
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2020年是爱沙尼亚共和国塔尔图大学林业系成立一百周年,因此是爱沙尼亚林业教育和林业科学的摇篮。这一百年来,既有快速发展,又有突飞猛进,又有波澜起伏,也有停滞和方向的变化。虽然林业部的诞生是由于年轻的共和国对受过教育的林业专家的迫切需要,但它最终是在1919年12月1日以爱沙尼亚语为教学语言的塔尔图大学开幕时完成的。虽然1920年在新成立的国立大学成立该系是一项重大事业,但它为爱沙尼亚系统的林业研究和实验活动以及林业高等教育奠定了坚实的基础。林业部的设立使受过高等教育的林业官员人数迅速增加,他们将新获得的知识和精力应用于国内林业。在培养林业专家的同时,林学部开始开展国家林业研究,并迅速走向国际舞台。早年丰厚的林业教育之后是艰苦的战争岁月。许多林业教师和科学家要么移民,要么被捕,要么被杀害。随后国家秩序的变化不可避免地给林业教育和科学留下了不可替代的印记。然而,新的希望在1951年出现,当时爱沙尼亚农业学院成立了。光复后的革命年代也引起了林业学术教育的变化。近几十年来,爱沙尼亚农业大学和爱沙尼亚生命科学大学的学术林业教育和科学受到社会变化以及一般教育和环境政策的影响。一百年来,爱沙尼亚有4 048人获得了林业专家文凭和学士或硕士学位,这一事实证明了爱沙尼亚现代林业教育和森林科学的可持续性。在此期间,共答辩林业硕士论文83篇,博士生论文67篇,博士论文56篇。在爱沙尼亚所做的工作得到了高度的认可- -在大学的国际排名中,爱沙尼亚生命科学大学在森林科学和林业教育领域名列世界上最好的50所大学之一。年轻讲师人数的增加、林业教育的良好质量以及爱沙尼亚森林科学的国际范围都确定爱沙尼亚的林业高等教育将在今后一百年中生存、发展和繁荣。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
One hundred years of academic forestry education in Estonian
The year 2020 marks the centenary of the establishment of the Department of Forestry at the University of Tartu in the Republic of Estonia, and thus the cradle of forestry education and forestry science in Estonian. These hundred years have witnessed rapid development, spurts, and swings as well as standstills and changes in direction. Although the birth of the Department of Forestry was initiated by the sharp and urgent need of the young republic for educated forestry specialists, it was finally accomplished with the opening of the University of Tartu with Estonian as the language of instruction on December 1, 1919. Although the formation of the department at the newly-established national university in 1920 was a major undertaking, it laid a strong basis for systematic forestry research and experimental activities, and higher education in forestry in Estonia. The establishment of the Department of Forestry brought about a rapid growth in the number of forest officers with higher education who applied their newly acquired knowledge and energy in domestic forestry. In addition to the training of forestry specialists, the Department of Forestry started to conduct national research in forestry, which quickly reached the international arena. The generous early years of forestry education were followed by difficult years of war. Many forestry teachers and scientists either emigrated or they were arrested, or killed. The subsequent change in the state order inevitably left an irreplaceable imprint on forestry education and science. Nevertheless, fresh hopes surged in 1951, when the Estonian Academy of Agriculture was established. The revolutionary years after the restoration of independence also caused changes in academic forestry education. In recent decades, academic forestry education and science at the Estonian Agricultural University and the Estonian University of Life Sciences have been influenced by changes in society as well as general education and environmental policy. The sustainability of modern forestry education and forest science in Estonian is proven by the fact that in the hundred years, 4,048 people have obtained a forestry specialist’s diploma and a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Estonia. During this period, 83 forestry Master’s theses, 67 candidate and 56 Doctoral theses have been defended. The work done in Estonia has received high recognition – in the international ranking of universities, the Estonian University of Life Sciences ranks among the fifty best universities in the world in the field of forest science and forestry education. The increase in the number of young lecturers, the good quality of forestry education as well as the international scope of forest science in Estonia provide certainty that Estonian higher education in forestry will live, grow and flourish for the next hundred years as well.
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来源期刊
Forestry Studies
Forestry Studies Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Forestry
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