The Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Literature Review and Critical Appraisal

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prostate Cancer are two common illnesses. However, there was not extensive research done to determine the relationship between the two diseases. Objective: This article aims to investigate the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the risk of Prostate Cancer, and some possible underlying mechanisms. Method: Several papers published within 5 years in this area are critically appraised and reviewed, including meta-analyses with large scale cohorts. Results: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is linked to a moderately decreased risk of Prostate Cancer, as seen in recent evidences. Possible underlying mechanisms include changes in hormonal profiles, genetics, and use of diabetic drugs (Metformin). Conclusion: While Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus might be protective against Prostate Cancer risk, more evidence as to how confounding variables such as ethnicity, lifestyle, and co-morbidities modify the overall risk is needed, as related information in this area is scarce.