Association between Calprotectin and Cystatin C levels with kidney injury Molecule-1 and their effects on developments of COVID-19 complications

Objectives: This work aimed to study the association between KIM-1, Calprotectin and Cystatin C and other biomarkers and their roles for early detection of the severity of Covid-19 associated with kidney injury complications that lead to death in severe Covid- 19 patients. Methods: This study included 91 samples patients with Covid-19 divided into two group, 46 patients of them with severe Covid-19 and 45 patients of them with moderate infected Covid-19 include (56 male, 35 female) with a matched age ranged between (22-88) years patients. The study was conducted from Al-hayat unit, Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Al-Hussein Medical City during the period from (Oct., 2020 to July., 2021). The biomarkers determined include: ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, creatinine, urea, cystatin C (Cys C), calprotectin (CLP), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) beside complete blood count test (CBC) which were determined by using various biochemical techniques including ELISA.                                                Results: The results of data which include 46 patients with severe Covid-19 group and another 45 patients with moderate Covid-19 infection, there is significant data obtained for ferritin, LDH and RDW-CV when compare between severe and moderate group of Covid-19 patients (p<0.05) while other parameter showed a non-significant increased result. There is positive correlation between KIM-1 and Cys C in severe and moderate group (p< 0.01) and with creatinine (p<0.01) and urea (p<0.05) in severe Covid-19 group, and significant correlation between Cys C and creatinine in severe group (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between KIM-1 and CysC and serum creatinine with Cys. C and KIM-1. Also, the obtained results illustrated that CLP, Cys C and KIM-1were non-significant increase in Covid-19 patients groups, but ferritin and LDH had increment significantly when compare between severe and moderate group and can be served as parameter predictor and increased mortality risk for Covid-19 patients.