“自治领的突变”还是“革命”?从罗马教皇的视角看美国革命

IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY
A. Vincenzi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文探讨了教皇国的教皇和公众舆论是如何解释美国革命的。它还考虑了这些解释在英美危机开始和1798年法国革命军入侵教皇国之间是如何演变的。这篇文章表明,教皇官员并不担心美国革命可能成为一场更广泛的革命浪潮的开始——历史学家今天称之为“革命时代”。他们认为发生在美国的事件只不过是“统治权的突变”,是罗马教廷保护北美天主教徒信仰自由的一个机会。然而,罗马教廷对美国事件的看法在法国大革命爆发后开始演变,法国大革命引入了“革命”的新概念,并将教皇的实用主义和灵活性转变为坚定的保守主义。通过重构这一过程,文章削弱了传统观点,即18世纪教皇天生反对各种社会和政治变革,天生是反革命的角色。它还对美国革命标志着“革命时代”开始的观念提出了质疑。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
"Mutation in Dominion" or Revolution? The American Revolution as Seen from Papal Rome
abstract:This article explores the way in which the papacy and public opinion in the Papal States interpreted the American Revolution. It also considers how those interpretations evolved between the beginning of the AngloAmerican crisis and the invasion of the Papal States by the French revolutionary armies in 1798. The article shows that papal officials were not worried that the American Revolution might become the beginning of a broader wave of revolutions—of an "Age of Revolution," as historians call it today. They understood the events in America as little more than a "mutation in dominion" and an opportunity for the Holy See to obtain protections for North American Catholics' freedom of worship. Holy See views of the events in America, however, started to evolve after the outbreak of the French Revolution, which introduced a new notion of "revolution" and turned what had been papal pragmatism and flexibility into firm conservatism. By reconstructing this process, the article undermines traditional views of the eighteenth-century papacy as inherently opposed to all kinds of social and political change and as a naturally counterrevolutionary actor. It also calls into question the notion that the American Revolution marked the beginning of the "Age of Revolution."
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CiteScore
0.30
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