优势细菌类群驱动相同年龄和不同大小的太平洋牡蛎幼生微生物组差异

Mary K. English, C. Langdon, Carla B. Schubiger, Ryan S. Mueller
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摘要

牡蛎养殖业是一个不断发展的产业,依靠生产快速生长、健康的幼体和幼体(贝)出售给农民。尽管在牡蛎的早期生命阶段几乎相同的遗传和环境条件,幼虫和唾液的大小可能会有很大的不同。由于微生物组可以影响海洋无脊椎动物的健康和大小,我们分析了不同大小的太平洋牡蛎(长牡蛎)幼体的微生物组,以研究它们的微生物组与大小变化的关系。我们对128只动物(大动物60只,小动物68只)进行16S测序,对每个大小类别的微生物组进行了表征,比较了α多样性、β多样性和不同大小类别之间的差异丰富分类群。我们观察到,如果只考虑丰富度,小贝的α多样性更高,但如果考虑组成指标,两个大小类别之间的α多样性没有差异。此外,大口和小口有不同的微生物组,其分离是由更占优势的细菌类群驱动的。在大型牡蛎中差异丰富的分类群总体上也更丰富,许多分类群似乎在营养吸收和能量获取中起作用。这项研究的结果为线虫的微生物群如何影响动物的早期发育提供了见解,这可以为孵化场和苗圃实践提供信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dominant bacterial taxa drive microbiome differences of juvenile Pacific oysters of the same age and variable sizes
Oyster aquaculture is a growing industry that depends on production of fast-growing, healthy larvae and juveniles (spat) to be sold to farmers. Despite nearly identical genetics and environmental conditions in the early life stages of oysters, larvae and spat sizes can vary drastically. As the microbiome can influence the health and size of marine invertebrates, we analyzed the microbiomes of differently-sized juvenile Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) spat of the same age to examine the relationship of their microbiomes with size variation. We used 16S sequencing of 128 animals (n = 60 large, n = 68 small) to characterize the microbiomes of each size class, comparing alpha diversity, beta diversity, and differentially abundant taxa between size classes. We observed that small spat had higher alpha diversity using measures that considered only richness, but there was no difference in alpha diversity between the two size classes using measures that incorporate compositional metrics. Additionally, large and small spat had distinct microbiomes, the separation of which was driven by more dominant bacterial taxa. Taxa that were differentially abundant in large oysters were also more abundant overall, and many appear to have roles in nutrient absorption and energy acquisition. The results of this study provide insight into how the microbiome of C. gigas may affect the early development of the animal, which can inform hatchery and nursery practices.
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