Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of C-shaped root canal system in mandibular second molars in kuwaiti sub-population

Introduction: C-shaped root canal anatomical variations cause challenges in endodontics treatment. This study investigated the prevalence of C-shaped root canals in mandibular second molars in the Kuwaiti population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of sound mature mandibular second molars of 247 Kuwaiti patients were collected from government dental centers. An endodontist and radiologist examined the images to determine the presence of C-shaped canals. They were evaluated at four levels (canal orifice, coronal, middle, and apical thirds of root). Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: One hundred and forty-nine scans and 199 teeth belonging to 62 males and 87 females aged 16–56 years were included. C-shaped canals were found in 26 (13.07%) cases and were more common in females. Females were more likely to have bilateral C-shaped canals (P < 0.05). C2 was the most frequent morphology type at the orifice and coronal levels (53.9%) and apical levels (38.5%). An uninterrupted “C” shape was seen in 4 teeth (15.39%). A lingual longitudinal groove with the buccal notch (groove Type II) was seen in 14 teeth (53.85%). Conclusion: The prevalence of C-shaped canals in the mandibular second molars of a Kuwaiti population was higher than studies performed in the Middle-East population. The morphology type of C-shaped canal in mandibular second molars varied between the root levels. Radicular groove with buccal notches was most frequently located on the lingual side.