约束下的液滴:与孤子束缚态的竞争与共存

Xiaoling Cui, Yin-feng Ma
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引用次数: 7

摘要

研究了准二维均匀约束的超冷玻色-玻色混合物中量子液滴的稳定性及其相关相变。我们发现,当增加原子数或减小约束长度时,束缚诱导的边界效应是显著的,这会使量子液滴不稳定地向孤子束缚态的形成方向发展。特别是,随着原子序数的增加,我们发现孤子基态重新进入,而液滴仅在有限数窗口内稳定,该窗口敏感地依赖于约束长度。在液滴-孤子跃迁附近,它们可以作为能量格局中的两个局部极小值共存。以两种$^{39}$K玻色子为例,我们从原子数和约束长度的角度,绘制了液滴-孤子跃迁和共存的相图。在目前的冷原子实验中,量子液滴和孤子在约束下所揭示的有趣竞争可以很容易地探测到。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Droplet under confinement: Competition and coexistence with a soliton bound state
We study the stability of quantum droplet and its associated phase transitions in ultracold Bose-Bose mixtures uniformly confined in quasi-two-dimension. We show that the confinement-induced boundary effect can be significant when increasing the atom number or reducing the confinement length, which destabilizes the quantum droplet towards the formation of a soliton bound state. In particular, as increasing the atom number we find the reentrance of soliton ground state, while the droplet is stabilized only within a finite number window that sensitively depends on the confinement length. Near the droplet-soliton transitions, they can coexist with each other as two local minima in the energy landscape. Take the two-species $^{39}$K bosons for instance, we have mapped out the phase diagram for droplet-soliton transition and coexistence in terms of atom number and confinement length. The revealed intriguing competition between quantum droplet and soliton under confinement can be readily probed in current cold atoms experiments.
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