Role of Micronutrients Towards Crop Productivity under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses: A Review

In recent scenarios, the world’s food system is highly insecure and become a great challenge to the rapidly growing civilization. Agriculture is intricately tied to food security and life sustainability on earth. The arising climatic alteration forces plants to compete for nutrients from the soil. Crop yielding and their nutritional quality are highly influenced by environmental factors (biotic and abiotic stress), agronomic factors, pests and nutrient availability in the soil. These are the nanoparticle that monitors the elements in soil by sharing some signals. Micronutrients help to maximize plant growth and protect plants from diseases and pathogens. But the alteration of the environmental condition is highly responsible for nutrient limitation and growth inhibition. 35% of the world’s agricultural lands are decreasing their soil fertility, which leads to nutrient deficiency in plants. These insufficient nutrients of crops lower the yield and nutritional quality of food and affected human health. In the reproductive stage of plant growth, environmental stress is highly responsible for flower drop, pollen tube deformation, ovule abortion, pollen sterility and yield losses. A sufficient quantity of micronutrients can help to reduce the biotic and abiotic stress in agricultural crops. The current review gives a brief knowledge to understand the current features of micronutrients in the agricultural crop which focus on the mechanism, absorption activity, toxicity and deficiency of micronutrients in plants and how it secures our food system by increasing the yield and nutritional quality.