Evaluation of Antibiotic Sensitivity in Deep Neck Space Infections

Abstract Background  Deep neck space infections (DNIs) are a major medical concern in the Indian community. Owing to the complex anatomy of the neck spaces and their communication with each other, accurate diagnosis becomes challenging. A thorough knowledge of the anatomy as well as the microbiological profile and antibiotic sensitivity is imperative to institute the appropriate surgical and medical management to the patient. Due to the advent of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the incidence of these infections have declined considerably over the last couple of decades. However, due to the extensive and unregulated use, the incidence of antibiotic resistance has also been increasing at an alarming pace. Materials and Methods  This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at a tertiary care government hospital in an urban area. All patients who presented to the OPD or emergency over a period of 18 months and who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Pus was collected from the abscess, aseptically by needle aspiration using wide bore (18G) needle and transported under all aseptic measures within 24 hours for culture and sensitivity, KOH mount, and detection of AFB. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and E-test. Results   Staphylococcus aureus as the most common infective organism followed by MRSA in the pediatric age group and Klebsiella pneumoniae in adults. Conclusion  Primary knowledge of individual antibiotic sensitivity is imperative to ensure prompt and adequate treatment of the patient with higher chances of complete resolution, concomitantly minimizing the risk of resistance. Inadequate and delayed treatment may lead to swift progression of the disease with significant morbidity and mortality.