不同氮素供应方式和剂量对阿利坎特·布舍特葡萄光合活性和产量的影响

L. Stefanello, R. Schwalbert, A. R. Marques, C. Tarouco, B. B. Vitto, A. V. Krug, J. P. D. Santos, B. P. Galarza, J. Zalamena, H. P. Santos, G. W. Melo, G. Brunetto
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引用次数: 3

摘要

绝大多数沙质土壤氮素利用率低,通常低于葡萄的生理需求,因此氮肥的施用,如尿素,是必要的。然而,当土壤表面施用尿素时,葡萄只能利用少量的氮,因此,施肥等管理策略可以提高葡萄对氮的利用,体现在更高的光合活性和葡萄产量上。本试验旨在研究不同施氮方式和施氮剂量对沙质土壤中“阿利坎特·布舍特”葡萄光合活性和产量的影响。该实验在巴西南部地区的桑塔纳做利夫拉曼托的一个2011年种植的葡萄园中进行。该品种是‘Alicante Bouschet’嫁接在‘1103 Paulsen’上。实验设计采用双因子随机分组(剂量x法)。施氮源为尿素(45% N)。0、20、60和100 kg N·ha-1分别施于土壤表面,不灌水(NWI)和经施肥(NF)。对两个生长季节的光合活性、叶片氮浓度和葡萄产量进行了评价。土壤施氮量使葡萄叶片氮浓度在NF法和NWI法分别提高53%和18%,但不影响产量。产量与水分利用效率之间也存在很强的相关性,这表明葡萄的生理需求与以更有效的方法提供充足的氮剂量之间存在一定的同步性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Photosynthetic activity and grape yield of 'Alicante Bouschet' (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines submitted to nitrogen supply methods and doses
The great majority of sandy soils present low nitrogen availability, generally below vines physiological demand, and therefore nitrogen fertilizer application, such as urea, is necessary. However, when urea is applied on the soil surface, the vine can use only a small amount of N. Thus, management strategies such as fertigation can increase N utilization by vine, reflecting in a greater photosynthetic activity and grape yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen supply methods and doses on photosynthetic activity and grape yield of 'Alicante Bouschet' grapevines cultivated in sandy soil. The experiment was carried out in Santana do Livramento, in the southern region of Brazil, in a vineyard planted in 2011. The cultivar was 'Alicante Bouschet' grafted on '1103 Paulsen'. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in a bifactorial arrangement (dose x method). The N source used was urea (45 % N). The 0, 20, 60 and 100 kg N·ha-1 doses were applied on the soil surface, without irrigation (NWI) and via fertigation (NF). Photosynthetic activity, N concentration in leaves and grape yield during two growing seasons were evaluated. The application of N doses in soil increased N concentration in grapevine leaves by up to 53 % in NF and 18 % in NWI methods but did not affect yield. Strong correlations between yield and water use efficiency were also observed, evidencing a certain synchronism between the physiological demand of the grapevine and the offer of the adequate N dose by a more efficient method.
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