{"title":"“我们什么都没有”:了解尼日利亚畜牧业与恐怖主义之间的相互作用","authors":"Promise Frank Ejiofor","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2022.2122695","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since 2011, the Sahel has been bedevilled by insecurity spawned by communal strife, social fragmentation, and religious extremism. Some of the security conundrums in the region are perpetrated by some pastoralists who have turned criminals and established strong ties with terrorist groups such as Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS), Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP), and Boko Haram. Whilst the reasons for the emergence of militant jihadism have been largely explored in the vast corpus on terrorism, less attention has been devoted to understanding-cum-explaining the reasons pastoralists take up arms and join terrorist groups. The few scholarly publications on the problematic posit that the reasons for pastoralists’ resort to terrorism in the region lie in political ecology and pastoralist populism. In this article, I contend that these dominant explanations sidestep the socioeconomic context within which pastoralists struggle to eke out a bare existence as well as the varied everyday abuses perpetrated by state and non-state actors against pastoralists. Drawing on the relative deprivation conceptual framework advanced by the American political scientist Ted Gurr, I argue that pastoralists join terrorist groups because they perceive discrepancies between their past and present socioeconomic condition but also as a consequence of marginalisation and everyday abuses against pastoralists. I illustrate the pastoralism-terrorism nexus with the crucial case of Nigeria―Africa’s most populous state and largest economy.","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"180 2 1","pages":"345 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"‘We don’t have anything’: understanding the interaction between pastoralism and terrorism in Nigeria\",\"authors\":\"Promise Frank Ejiofor\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/14678802.2022.2122695\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"ABSTRACT Since 2011, the Sahel has been bedevilled by insecurity spawned by communal strife, social fragmentation, and religious extremism. 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Drawing on the relative deprivation conceptual framework advanced by the American political scientist Ted Gurr, I argue that pastoralists join terrorist groups because they perceive discrepancies between their past and present socioeconomic condition but also as a consequence of marginalisation and everyday abuses against pastoralists. 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引用次数: 3
摘要
自2011年以来,萨赫勒地区一直被社区冲突、社会分裂和宗教极端主义所引发的不安全所困扰。该地区的一些安全难题是由一些牧民造成的,他们已经变成了罪犯,并与恐怖组织建立了密切的联系,如Jama 'at Nusrat al-Islam - muslim (JNIM)、大撒哈拉伊斯兰国(ISGS)、伊斯兰国西非省(ISWAP)和博科圣地。虽然关于恐怖主义的大量文献对激进圣战主义出现的原因进行了大量的探讨,但对牧民拿起武器加入恐怖组织的原因的理解和解释却很少受到关注。少数关于这一问题的学术出版物认为,该地区牧民诉诸恐怖主义的原因在于政治生态和牧民民粹主义。在这篇文章中,我认为这些主流的解释回避了社会经济背景,牧民在其中挣扎着勉强生存,以及国家和非国家行为体对牧民犯下的各种日常虐待。根据美国政治学家泰德·古尔(Ted Gurr)提出的相对剥夺概念框架,我认为牧民加入恐怖组织,是因为他们意识到自己过去和现在的社会经济状况存在差异,但也是由于边缘化和对牧民的日常虐待。我以尼日利亚这个非洲人口最多的国家和最大的经济体为例来说明畜牧业与恐怖主义之间的联系。
‘We don’t have anything’: understanding the interaction between pastoralism and terrorism in Nigeria
ABSTRACT Since 2011, the Sahel has been bedevilled by insecurity spawned by communal strife, social fragmentation, and religious extremism. Some of the security conundrums in the region are perpetrated by some pastoralists who have turned criminals and established strong ties with terrorist groups such as Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS), Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP), and Boko Haram. Whilst the reasons for the emergence of militant jihadism have been largely explored in the vast corpus on terrorism, less attention has been devoted to understanding-cum-explaining the reasons pastoralists take up arms and join terrorist groups. The few scholarly publications on the problematic posit that the reasons for pastoralists’ resort to terrorism in the region lie in political ecology and pastoralist populism. In this article, I contend that these dominant explanations sidestep the socioeconomic context within which pastoralists struggle to eke out a bare existence as well as the varied everyday abuses perpetrated by state and non-state actors against pastoralists. Drawing on the relative deprivation conceptual framework advanced by the American political scientist Ted Gurr, I argue that pastoralists join terrorist groups because they perceive discrepancies between their past and present socioeconomic condition but also as a consequence of marginalisation and everyday abuses against pastoralists. I illustrate the pastoralism-terrorism nexus with the crucial case of Nigeria―Africa’s most populous state and largest economy.