揭示生物多样性公民科学信息实践中的物质限制和机会

IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE
Björn Ekström
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文的目的是概述一种方法来理解生物多样性公民科学中的信息实践是如何通过参与者与实物(如相机、人工智能支持的智能手机应用程序和信息系统)的交互来实现和约束的。这种方法借鉴了客观实践理论;知识是如何通过与认知对象的互动而迭代地构建的。认知对象被理解为由知识投射维持的对象,开放的解释和问题产生,而不是明确定义的事物。通过对生物闪电战相关的生物多样性公民科学活动的研究,该方法具有经验背景,生物闪电战是在特定地理环境中进行的短期、密集的物种观察。将研究三种经验分析单位:双筒望远镜、照相机和用于观察物种的放大镜;野外指南、识别密钥和智能手机应用程序,用于识别物种;标准化用于报告已确定的观测结果的大规模信息系统。该方法为研究物质对象如何促进和限制生物多样性公民科学信息实践开辟了道路。客观实践方法涉及多方面的经验设置,如生物多样性公民科学,通过实现以实践为导向的观察和大规模现象的追踪调查,将社会物质方面扩展到公民科学研究中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Unfolding material constraints and opportunities in biodiversity citizen science information practices
The purpose of this paper is to outline an approach for understanding how information practices in biodiversity citizen science are enabled and constrained through participants’ interactions with material objects such as cameras, artificial intelligence-supported smartphone applications and information systems. The approach draws on the theory of objectual practice; how knowledge is constructed iteratively through interaction with epistemic objects. Epistemic objects are understood as objects sustained by projections of knowledge, open for interpretation and question-generation, rather than clearly defined things. The approach is empirically contextualised through a study of biodiversity citizen science activities in relation to a bioblitz, a short-term, intensive period of species observations in a given geographical setting. Three empirical units of analysis are to be studied: binoculars, cameras, and loupes for observing species; field guides, identification keys and smartphone applications for identifying species; and standardising, large-scale information systems for reporting identified observations. The approach opens up for studying how material objects enable and constrain biodiversity citizen science information practices. The objectual practice approach in relation to a multifaceted empirical setting such as biodiversity citizen science extends sociomaterial aspects to citizen science studies by enabling practice-oriented observation and trace investigations of large-scale phenomena.
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来源期刊
Information Research-An International Electronic Journal
Information Research-An International Electronic Journal INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE-
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
12.50%
发文量
62
审稿时长
45 weeks
期刊介绍: Information Research, is an open access, international, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal, dedicated to making accessible the results of research across a wide range of information-related disciplines. It is published by the University of Borås, Sweden, with the financial support of an NOP-HS Scientific Journal Grant. It is edited by Professor T.D. Wilson, and is hosted, and given technical support, by Lund University Libraries, Sweden.
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