WSDM 2016 Workshop on the Ethics of Online Experimentation

Online experimentation is now a core and near-constant part of the operation of a production online service, such as a web search engine or social media service. These are large-scale experiments that involve research subjects often numbering in the hundreds of thousands and wide-ranging, computer-automated variations in experimental treatment. In some cases, the results of online experiments may be of use internally to optimize system performance (for example, a test may be conducted to help make web page layout decisions). In other cases, the results may be of academic interest (for example, an experiment may be conducted to test a hypothesis about human behavior). Because of their rapid deployment and broad impact, online experimentation systems provide an extremely valuable tool for scientists and engineers. Despite this statistical power, in some situations, an online experiment can raise difficult ethical questions. One only needs to revisit the conversations resulting from the Facebook emotional contagion experiment to understand that some experiments may, at the very least, warrant careful review before being conducted. Since this episode, scholarship published mainly in the qualitative research and information law communities indicates that this may not be an isolated incident. Ethical and legal problems probably arise in other online experiments, published or not. As experimentation platforms and users become easily accessible, scientists and practitioners may increasingly put the well-being and trust of end users at risk. In light of these concerns, organizations often review online experiments before they are actually conducted. In production settings, the review process might vary with respect to formality or standards across companies and even groups within companies. When intended or used for academic publication, experiments or data may have undergone inconsistent review processes, some implementing academic-style institutional review boards and others none at all. Although there is a suggestion that service providers are concerned about the wellbeing of end users, the community does not