Cellulose-based membrane for adsorption of dye in batik industry wastewater

Filtering is a commonly applied physical method. Based on the size of the filtered particles, the types of filtering used are divided into four, namely microfiltation (100 nm-10 μm), ultrafiltration (2100 nm), nanofiltration (1-2 nm) and reverse osmosis-RO (0.1-1 nm).7 Among the four types of membranes, the nanofiltration membrane is the most efficient, because its structure can filter wastewater into usable water.8 The waste water for the batik industry in Malaysia contains a lot of Remazol and Vinyl Sulphone dyes. Filtering using a nanofiltration membrane made of aromatic polyamide with nonwoven and fibreglass wounded fibres support can filter water with Remazol Turquiose Blue dye more effectively than water with Remazol Yellow and Remazol Red dyes, which are characterized by the lowest color intensity after the filtering process.9 The use of fiberglass in membrane technology requires quite high production costs, encouraging the search for alternative materials with more economical production costs, for example the use of cellulose. One of the materials used in the process of filtering wastewater is a cellulose-based membrane. This paper is a mini review of cellulose-based membranes for filtering waste water from the batik industry, especially waste caused by synthetic dyes.