Chemical composition, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and toxicityactivities, of the essential oil of Fortunella margarita peels

The purpose of this study was to identify the principal components of the essential oil extracted from Fortunella margarita peels via hydrodistillation and to evaluate in vitro its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and toxicity properties. Among the detected compounds were limonene, D-germacrene, β-myrcene, and α-pinene. Method of inhibiting the denaturation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was utilized to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of Fortunella margarita. At a concentration of 400g/mL, a high anti-inflammatory effect was observed. The percentage of BSA protection against heat increased with increasing concentration. Also, the evaluation of antidiabetic activity by glucose uptake by yeast cells revealed that Fortunella margarita was more effective than the standard drug novoformine in the presence of 5 mM glucose. The antioxidant potential of the essential oil was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests, where the essential oil had much lower antioxidant activity. A bioassay on the lethality of brine shrimp was conducted to determine the toxicity of the essential oil. The study reveals that the essential oil is a possible source of important bioactive compounds and that its constituents may exhibit synergistic effects. Our findings suggest that the essential oil from Fortunella margarita could be used in the future as a substitute for synthetic anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents with potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.