Morphological responses of wheat and maize to plant derived smoke solution under salt stress

One of the biggest threats to the increasing population of plants life is different stresses such as abiotic, comprising ultraviolet light and high temperature. Among these abiotic stresses, salt stress is considered as the most effective stress , causing 20% loss  of crop yeild all-over the world.It has been reported that plant derived smoke (PDS) contain some  biologically active  product or stimulating agents which help in stimlating seed germination and  increasing other morphological parameters of crops like plmule/radical length biomass of seedlings under salt stress conditions. To understand the role of salt stress and PDS solution, we performed invitro experiments to analyze the morphological aspects of wheat and Maize germination and post-germination growth under application of salt solutions. The Petri dishes culture experiment was conducted, whose design was completely randomized with five replicas and one control. Var Wadan and Azam varieties of wheat and Maize seeds, respectively, were used as test species and cymbopogan jawarancusa was used for smoke derivetion. Nine different concentration solutions of salt and smoke were applied on seeds to check the inhibitory and stimulatory potentials of salt and smoke, correspondingly. Different concentration solutions are 100mM NaCl, 150mMNacl, 200mM NaCl, 500ppm PDS, 1000ppm PDS, 2000ppm PDS, 100+500 (NaCl and PDS), 150+1000 (NaCl and PDS), 200+2000 (NaCl and PDS). Different parameters i.e., Germination%, plmule length (cm), Radical length (cm), Fresh weight (gm), Dry weight (gm), Moisture content (%) were selected for obtaining data. Basic method was used to record the data on the selected parameters. Result of experiment showed that Salinity affected all the selected parameters significantly. The significance of data was checked by using LSD test at alpha level 0.05, 0.01, 0.001.The morphological parameters of wheat and maize are badly effected under salt stress at 150 and 200 mM concentration. On the other hand, PDS significantly increased the germination rate and plmule, radical length was also increased due to some stimulatory agents. So under 2000 ppm PDS the seed germination rate and other morphological parameters are significantly enhanced. Another interesting thing, PDS at 1000, 2000 ppm concentration have the restoring ability of seeds germination under salt stress condition, suggesting that PDS  has a metigatory potential by improving morphological parameters under 150- and 200-mM salt stress.