植物着丝粒的组成和结构

K. Nagaki
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引用次数: 1

摘要

着丝粒是一种功能性染色体位点,在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中将姐妹染色单体平等地传递给子细胞。着丝粒DNA和蛋白质的复合体在主要收缩点形成,被称为着丝点。由于该功能对所有真核生物都是必需的,因此该过程和所涉及的着丝粒蛋白在真核生物中是保守的。另一方面,在真核生物中,着丝粒的DNA成分和结构是高度可变的。在过去的十年中,对植物着丝粒成分包括着丝粒DNA和蛋白质进行了大量的研究,揭示了这些神秘的染色体区域及其相关功能。本文综述了植物着丝粒成分,包括着丝粒蛋白(CENP-C、着丝粒特异性组蛋白H3变体和MIS12)、着丝粒DNA和植物着丝粒结构(拟南芥、水稻和卢兹拉)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Components and structures of plant centromeres
Centromeres are functional chromosomal loci involved in an overall process that delivers sister chromatids equally into daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis. A complex of centromeric DNA and proteins is formed at the primary constriction point, and is referred to as the kinetochore. Since this function is essential for all eukaryotes, the process and centromeric proteins involved are conserved among eukaryotes. On the other hand, the DNA components and structures of centromeres are highly variable among eukaryotes. In the last decade, a plethora of investigations concerning plant centromeric components including centromeric DNA and proteins have been conducted which have shed light on these enigmatic chromosomal regions and associated functions. In this review, an overview of plant centromeric components including centromeric proteins (CENP-C, centromere specific histone H3 variants, and MIS12) and centromeric DNA and structures of plant centromeres (Arabidopsis, rice, and Luzula) are presented.
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