影响即刻种植体选择的牙根大小和数量解剖变异的一般因素

J.M.P.F. de Oliveira, A. Chaves, Tarley Pessoa de Barros, Rubens Guimarães Teixeira, R. Grillo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于骨整合种植体,骨代谢得到了更多的重视。即使在最小创伤性拔牙后,牙槽骨和其他牙周组织的比例也会自然减少和损失。保持这些维度已经成为研究人员面临的挑战。即刻种植与拔牙的手术方式相同。植入物的推荐目的是减少骨修复的等待时间,从而为骨的尺寸、功能和美学维护提供必要的刺激。即刻植牙前的规划应考虑到解剖学上的差异,甚至主要与牙根的尺寸和数量有关的异常。在解剖学变异的一般因素中,与性别、年龄、生物型和种族相关的因素尤为突出。这些数据是由几个国家的几位作者进行的研究提供的,这些研究将它们与牙根的尺寸和数量联系起来。采用锥束计算机断层扫描或直接测量方法对拔牙进行测量。研究证实,全景射线摄影呈现出更大的扭曲,并不能提供空间边界标记的清晰度。获得了有意义的数据,证实了这些解剖学变异的一般因素与牙根长度和数量的相关性。为了向临床医生提供这些变异的细节,需要进行进一步的研究,这对于计划和预先选择要安装的牙种植体的最佳形状和大小非常重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
General Factors of Anatomical Variation on the Size and Number of Dental Roots Influencing the Choice of Immediate Implants
Bone metabolism is gaining more prominence due to osseointegrated implants. Even after a minimally traumatic tooth extraction, there are natural reductions and losses in the proportions of the alveolar bone and other periodontal tissues. Maintaining these dimensions has become a challenge for researchers. Immediate implants are set in the same surgical act as tooth extraction. Implants are recommended aiming at reducing the waiting time for bone repair and thus offering the necessary stimuli to the bone for its dimensional, functional, and esthetic maintenance. Planning prior to immediate setting should take into account anatomical variations and even anomalies mainly related to the dimensions and number of tooth roots. Among the general factors of anatomical variation, those related to Gender, Age, Biotype, and Ethnicity stand out. These data were provided in studies carried out by several authors in several countries, correlating them with the dimensions and number of tooth roots. A selection of works using measurement methods as Cone Beam Computed Tomography or direct measurements in extracted teeth was carried out. Studies confirm that Panoramic Radiography presents greater distortions and does not provide sharpness for dimensional boundary markings. Significant data were obtained and confirm the correlation of these general factors of anatomical variation with the length and number of tooth roots. Further studies need to be carried out, in order to provide clinicians with details of these variants, important in the planning and prior choice of the best shape and size of the dental implant to be installed.
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