阿拉伯语《古兰经》中双关语的语义和语用重构

Mohammed Alaqad
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摘要

《古兰经》是伊斯兰教的中心,是连接人类(被造物)和安拉(造物主)的纽带。古兰经的翻译对于每个伊斯兰神学的译者来说仍然是一个问题,因为古兰经中有许多具有多重或双重含义的伊斯兰术语/单词,这导致了翻译的问题。这些问题主要是由于双关语的相互矛盾的翻译和双关语的固有概念对其意图的误解,从而造成一定程度的歧义。古兰经的译者和口译员面临着许多困难,使他们的翻译成为一项不可能的任务,因此在他们的翻译中迎合这一事实;他们最终翻译了表面意义,这导致了语义和修辞特征的巨大损失。因此,本研究探讨了将《古兰经》中双关语的意义翻译成英语所面临的挑战。该研究考察了《古兰经》中精选的8节经文,以及优素福·阿里(Yusuf Ali, 2014年)和沙基尔(Shakir, 2011年)对《古兰经》的两种广泛翻译。本研究采用Delabastita(1996)的水平双关语类分学和Newmark(1998)的翻译方法,确定了两位翻译者在《古兰经》文本中所使用的双关语类型和翻译方法,并确定了《古兰经》中阿拉伯语双关语误译的主要因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Reframing the semantic and pragmatic aspects of pun words in the Holy Quran from Arabic into English
The Holy Quran is the central point of Islam and is the link, which connects humanity (the creation) with Allah (the creator). Translation of the Qur'an is still a problematic issue for each translator in Islamic theology due to the Quran has numerous Islamic terms/words that hold multiple or double meanings, which causes problems in translation. These problems are due to the contradictory translations of puns (tawriyah) and the misinterpretations of the intended meanings of puns with their inherent notions, which could result in a certain amount of ambiguity. Translators and interpreters of the Qur’an face numerous difficulties that make their translation an impossible task to cater to this fact in their translations, consequently; they end up translating the superficial sense, which leads to tremendous loss of semantic, and rhetorical features. Therefore, this research deals with the challenges of translating the meanings of puns (tawriyah) from the Quran into English. The study examines eight selected verses from the Quran and its two widespread English translations by Yusuf Ali (2014) and Shakir (2011). The research employs Delabastita᾿s (1996) typology of horizontal puns and Newmark’s (1998) translation methods to identify the types of puns produced by the two translators and the translation methods employed in the Quranic text, also to determine the governed factors for mistranslating the meanings of puns in the Holy Quran from Arabic into English.
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