刘易斯·亨利·摩根的早期进步理论:他对激情与社会发展的演变观点

IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY
James Z. Schwartz
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引用次数: 2

摘要

刘易斯·亨利·摩根一直被认为是美国人类学的奠基人之一。最近很多关于摩根的学术研究都在探讨他对土著文化的描述和他的进步理论。本文聚焦于他的早期思想,展示了他在19世纪40年代如何从道德主义转向越来越多的民族学的进步理解,以及他对土著人民和人类激情的不断演变的观点是如何支撑这一变化的。作为19世纪40年代早期的禁酒改革者,摩根将进步等同于经济增长、领土扩张和民主的传播。此外,他担心酒徒、激进分子和土著人的不道德的激情会威胁到这些成果。到1843年,他开始把他以前赋予土著人民的破坏性激情归咎于欧洲殖民者,并开始将进步视为一种脱离人类能动性和道德的破坏性力量。他在1851年的《易洛魁联盟》中把激情与进步联系起来,但他认为这些动力主要是一种社会现象,其中一些阻碍了进步,而另一些则促进了进步。因此,这项研究将摩根早期的戒酒工作与易洛魁联盟及其1871年的《古代社会》中所表达的思想联系起来,阐明了维多利亚时代美国人用来代表进步的象征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Lewis Henry Morgan's Early Theory of Progress: His Evolving View of the Passions and Social Development
abstract:Lewis Henry Morgan has long been regarded as one of U.S. anthropology's founders. Much of the recent scholarship on Morgan explores his depiction of indigenous culture and his theory of progress. Focusing on his early thought, this article demonstrates how in the 1840s he moved from a moralistic to an increasingly ethnological understanding of advancement, and how his evolving view of Native peoples and the human passions underpinned this change. As a temperance reformer in the early 1840s, Morgan equated progress with economic growth, territorial expansion, and the spread of democracy. Additionally, he feared that the immoral passions of drinkers, radicals, and Native peoples threatened these gains. By 1843 he began attributing to European colonists the destructive passions he had formerly assigned to indigenous peoples, and came to view progress as a destructive force detached from human agency and morality. His 1851 League of the Iroquois links the passions to progress, but he saw these drives primarily as social phenomena, some of which stymie advancement while others enhance it. This study thus links Morgan's early temperance work to the ideas expressed in League of the Iroquois and in his 1871 Ancient Society, illuminating the symbols that Victorian Americans employed to represent progress.
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CiteScore
0.30
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