欧洲早侏罗世(Toarcian)厚孔雀鱼Saurostomus esocinus Agassiz的修正,对厚孔雀鱼科悬浮摄食起源的新认识

IF 2.3 2区 地球科学 Q1 PALEONTOLOGY
Samuel L. A. Cooper, E. Maxwell
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引用次数: 3

摘要

德国西南部早侏罗世Posidonienschiefer组(Toarcian)记录了化石记录中第一次出现硬骨鱼群Pachycormidae。然而,大多数厚柱石分类群的诊断和描述仍然很差,这使得该群体营养多样化的形态学基础问题难以解决。在这里,我们根据模式形成的材料重新描述了一种大型(≤1710毫米)的远洋厚瓢虫——esocinus。在卢森堡、法国和英国的近同世地层中发现了更多的蜥脚类化石,显示出其在欧洲的广泛分布。我们指定一个新类型,并提供第一个正式的诊断和颅骨重建这个属。历史上关于蜥脚类的分类身份的误解导致许多标本与更知名的Pachycormus属混为一谈。在德国西南部,Saurostomus在地层学上分布在tenuicostatum和serpentinum带,包含了6个菊石亚带,其中paltum亚带的一个个体代表了最古老的Pachycormidae地层。粗壮的后弯牙齿,有力的胸鳍,流线型的身体,尾前鳞状龙骨和残留的胶质肠内容物表明了esocinus的快速游泳能力和远洋食饵生态。分支分析保留了蜥脚类是由Ohmdenia和悬浮物摄食的pachycormids组成的分支的姐妹。与悬食进化相关的几个特征状态与索罗stomus是相同的,这表明S. esocinus,而不是Ohmdenia,是最基础的具有过渡性悬食特征的厚锥体。因此,悬浮液摄食和巨噬巨球的分化早于下托尔西亚的掌部亚区。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Revision of the pachycormid fish Saurostomus esocinus Agassiz from the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) of Europe, with new insight into the origins of suspension‐feeding in Pachycormidae
The Early Jurassic Posidonienschiefer Formation in south‐west Germany (Toarcian) records the first appearance of the stem‐teleost group Pachycormidae in the fossil record. However, most pachycormid taxa remain poorly diagnosed or undescribed, making questions of the morphological underpinnings of trophic diversification in the group difficult to address. Here we re‐describe Saurostomus esocinus, a large (≤1710 mm) pelagic pachycormid, based on material from the type formation. Additional material of Saurostomus is identified in near‐coeval strata in Luxembourg, France and the UK, demonstrating a broad European distribution. We assign a neotype, and provide the first formal diagnosis and cranial reconstruction for this genus. Historical misconceptions regarding taxonomic identity of Saurostomus have caused numerous specimens to be conflated with the better known genus Pachycormus. In south‐west Germany, Saurostomus is stratigraphically distributed across the tenuicostatum and serpentinum Zones, encapsulating six ammonite subzones, with an individual from the paltum subzone representing the oldest stratigraphic occurrence of Pachycormidae. Stout recurved teeth, powerful pectoral fins, a streamlined body, a pre‐caudal scaly keel and remnants of coleoid gut contents indicate fast swimming capabilities and a pelagic teuthophagous ecology for Saurostomus esocinus. Cladistic analysis retains Saurostomus as sister to a clade comprising Ohmdenia and the suspension‐feeding pachycormids. Several character states associated with the evolution of suspension‐feeding are shared with Saurostomus, indicating S. esocinus, rather than Ohmdenia, to be the most basal pachycormid to have transitional suspension‐feeding characteristics. The divergence of the suspension‐feeding and macrophagous pachycormids therefore pre‐dates the paltum subzone of the lower Toarcian.
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来源期刊
Papers in Palaeontology
Papers in Palaeontology PALEONTOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
55
期刊介绍: Papers in Palaeontology is the successor to Special Papers in Palaeontology and a journal of the Palaeontological Association (www.palass.org). The journal is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space. Papers in Palaeontology is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space. As a sister publication to Palaeontology its focus is on descriptive research, including the descriptions of new taxa, systematic revisions of higher taxa, detailed biostratigraphical and biogeographical documentation, and descriptions of floras and faunas from specific localities or regions. Most contributions are expected to be less than 30 pp long but longer contributions will be considered if the material merits it, including single topic parts. The journal publishes a wide variety of papers on palaeontological topics covering: palaeozoology, palaeobotany, systematic studies, palaeoecology, micropalaeontology, palaeobiogeography, functional morphology, stratigraphy, taxonomy, taphonomy, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, palaeoclimate analysis, biomineralization studies.
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