马拉维和中国罗非鱼生产的经济盈利能力

F. Phiri, Xinhua Yuan
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引用次数: 6

摘要

本研究旨在分析马拉维和中国罗非鱼养殖的经济盈利能力,使用的数据来自马拉维和中华人民共和国广西省的20名养殖户。应用企业预算进行盈利能力分析显示,两国罗非鱼利润差异显著(p≤0.05),马拉维的效益成本比为1.61,中国为1.20。然而,马拉维有3个农场在生产周期中出现亏损。马拉维的盈亏平衡价格为2.00美元,而中国为1.26美元。对价格、饲料、劳动力和固定成本变化对净利润的影响进行敏感性分析。在所有条件不变的情况下,马拉维农场的价格敏感系数相对较高,为2.63,其次是饲料、劳动力和固定成本,分别为-0.70、-0.36和-0.32。同样,中国的价格弹性最高,为5.96,而饲料、固定成本和劳动力的弹性分别为-3.65、-0.67和-0.27。对于没有盈利的养殖场,适用关停规则表明养殖场毛利盈余,因此可以继续经营(价格≥平均可变成本;收入≥总可变成本)。本研究表明,投入集约化程度的不同导致总收入的不同,因为产量是饲养密度、饲料投入、劳动力和其他生产投入的函数。无论投入物的使用强度如何,农民仍然可以获利,因此罗非鱼生产在两国都是一个可行的企业。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Economic Profitability of Tilapia Production in Malawi and China
This study was conducted to analyse the economic profitability of tilapia farming in Malawi and China, using data from 20 farmers both in Malawi and Guangxi Province, People’s Republic of China. Application of enterprise budget for profitability analysis showed that profits for tilapia were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) between the two countries with Malawi registering a bigger benefit-cost ratio of 1.61 than 1.20 for China. However, 3 farms in Malawi posted losses during the production cycle. Breakeven price was $2.00 for Malawi against $1.26 for China. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of changes in price, feed, labour and fixed cost on net profit. Holding all conditions constant, sensitive coefficient for price was relatively high for Malawian farms at 2.63 followed by feed, labour and fixed cost at -0.70, -0.36 and -0.32 respectively. Similarly for China, price showed the highest elasticity of 5.96 compared to -3.65, -0.67, -0.27 of feed, fixed cost and labour respectively. For the farms that did not make profits, application of the shutdown rule indicated that the farms were making surplus gross margins hence could continue operating (Price ≥ Average Variable Cost; and Revenue ≥ Total Variable Cost). The present study has demonstrated that differences in input intensification result in different gross revenues since yield is a function of stocking density, feed input, labour and other production inputs. Irrespective of the intensity of input use, farmers still make profits, thus tilapia production is a viable enterprise in both countries.
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