生物基聚氨酯的评价:应用前景和生物降解

Macromol Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI:10.3390/macromol2030019
R. Kaur, Pooja Singh, Surya Tanwar, Gunjan Varshney, S. Yadav
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引用次数: 31

摘要

在众多的合成大分子中,不同形式的聚氨酯已经证明了它的绝对优势,并建立了可靠和值得信赖的材料声誉,因为它具有优越的性能,包括:高机械强度和耐磨性,良好的耐久性,良好的附着力,良好的热稳定性,优异的耐化学和耐风化性。合成聚氨酯材料是不可生物降解的,有毒的,并且使用基于石化的原材料,这些原材料现在正在耗尽,导致聚氨酯生产成本激增。生物基聚氨酯(PU)是近几十年来由研究人员合成的,在固体污染、经济效益和原材料可用性等方面,生物基聚氨酯(PU)在很大程度上已经超过了石化基聚氨酯。为开发“绿色”PU材料,探索了多种可用的生物可再生资源,作为生产多元醇和异氰酸酯的前身;由于人们对环境的日益关注,这些生物基聚氨酯具有相对较低的成本和可生物降解性,因此它们在未来的PU产品中具有很大的潜力,可以部分或完全取代石油基聚氨酯。这篇重要的综述集中在可再生资源用于聚氨酯生产的可能性上,并对过去十年中出现的不同生物基聚氨酯聚合物领域的历程、利用和最新进展给出了清晰的观点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Assessment of Bio-Based Polyurethanes: Perspective on Applications and Bio-Degradation
Among numerous synthetic macromolecules, polyurethane in its different forms has proven its sheer dominance and established a reputation as a reliable and trusted material due to its proficiency in terms of superior properties, which include: high mechanical strength and abrasion resistance, good durability, good adhesion, good thermal stability, excellent chemical and weathering resistance. Synthetic polyurethane materials are non-biodegradable, poisonous, and use petrochemical-based raw materials, which are now depleting, leading to a surge in polyurethane production costs. Bio-based polyurethanes (PU) have been synthesized by researchers in recent decades and have mostly overtaken petrochemical-based PU in terms of challenges such as solid pollution, economic effectiveness, and availability of raw materials. Enormous kinds of available bio-renewable sources as predecessors for the production of polyols and isocyanates have been explored for the development of “greener” PU materials; these bio-based polyurethanes have significant potential to be used as future PU products, with a partial or total replacement of petroleum-based polyurethanes, due to increasing concern about the environment, their relatively low cost and biodegradability. This critical review concentrates on the possibilities of renewable sources to be used for polyurethane production and gives a clear perspective on the journey, utilization, and recent advancements in the field of different bio-based polyurethane polymers that have arisen over the last decade.
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