聚落规模与农业生产区域:美索不达米亚上游早期青铜时代的遥感案例研究

T. Kalayci
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引用次数: 11

摘要

来自上美索不达米亚的考古数据提供了丰富的信息,可以作为古代人口的代表,了解农业生产区域的范围以及遗址规模。接下来,本研究调查了早期青铜时代定居规模和食物生产水平之间的潜在关系。首先,CORONA图像用于记录过去生产和定居规模的景观证据。其次,基于AVHRR-NDVI数据,结合该地区的降水值,建立生物作物生长模型。该模型可以估算样品地点的年产量。最后,构建现代生产类比,以探索建模数据并了解早期青铜器时代的雨养农业策略。CORONA-AVHRR遥感调查结果显示,考古遗址与其生产区域之间没有显著关系(r=0.40)。同样,遗址面积与订书钉产量之间的关系也很弱(r=0.30)。另一方面,如果将两年休养视为一种生产策略,则关系变得显著(r=0.85)。此外,模型数据表明,只有小于50公顷的定居点才可能实行两年一次的休养,这表明在较大的定居点,人口对生产有压力。该研究挑战了人口与当地农业生产之间存在直接关系的规范性假设。只有当生产景观被视为动态环境,对环境变化作出反应,但也受到生产战略选择的影响时,才有可能进行分析。数据可得性1982年至2006年间的生产统计(吨/公顷)以船舶格式提供,作为本文件的补充。图形抽象
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Settlement Sizes and Agricultural Production Territories: A Remote Sensing Case Study for the Early Bronze Age in Upper Mesopotamia
Abstract Archaeological data from Upper Mesopotamia provide ample information on the extent of agricultural production territories around tell-based nucleated settlements as well as site sizes —as a proxy for ancient populations. In following, this study investigates the potential relationship between settlement sizes and food production levels during the Early Bronze Age. To start with, CORONA imagery is used to document landscape evidences of past production and settlement sizes. Second, a biological crop-growth model is built over AVHRR-NDVI data, coupled with precipitation values from the region. This model makes it possible to estimate annual production amount at sample locations. Finally, modern day production analogies are constructed in order to explore modelling data and to understand rain-fed agricultural strategies in the Early Bronze Age. CORONA-AVHRR remote sensing survey results reveal no significant relationship between archaeological sites and their production territories (r=0.40). Likewise, the relationship between site areas and estimated staples production is also a weak one (r=0.30). On the other hand, if one considers biennial fallowing as a production strategy, the relationship becomes significant (r=0.85). Furthermore, model data suggests only settlements smaller than 50 hectares were potentially practicing biennial fallowing —suggesting population pressure on production at larger settlements. Statements of significance The study challenges the normative assumption that there is a direct relationship between populations and local agricultural production. The analysis is possible only when the production landscapes are considered as dynamic environments, responding to changes in the environment, but also influenced by the choice of production strategies. Data availability Production statistics (tons/ha) are available for the years between 1982 and 2006 in shp format as a supplement to this paper. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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