On the oblique electrostatic waves in a dusty plasma with non-Maxwellian electrons for Saturn’s magnetosphere

The characteristics of (non)linear dust-ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) in a collisionless, magnetized dusty plasma are investigated. The current model is composed of ( r, q)-distributed electrons along with warm ions and stationary dust grains with negative charge. Both linear and nonlinear waves are considered to progress in x- z plane. The properties of linear waves are studied by deriving the dispersion relation for the plasma parameters of Saturn’s magnetosphere. The fluid equations of the current model are reduced to the universal Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation in order to study the characteristics of oblique propagation of DIA solitary waves (DIASWs). The critical point at which the nature/polarity of solitons changes is determined precisely. The influence of various plasma parameters, namely, obliqueness, magnetic field, densities, temperatures, and double spectral indices of the ( r, q)-distributed electrons on DIASWs is investigated for Saturn’s magnetosphere. The DIASWs of ( r, q)-distributed electrons are also compared with Maxwellian electrons. This work would be helpful to study other astrophysical and laboratory plasma systems where dusty plasmas and ( r, q) distribution are predicted.