Assessment of foot posture changes

The structural complexity of the foot emerges from its varied and precise characteristics. This small structure can adapt to different situations, walking on uneven terrain such as mountainous areas or running on flat ground while keeping the body in balance on small surfaces. For humans, the foot is the basis of support and propulsion during walking and is also involved in providing the support and flexibility needed to achieve efficient weight transfer. Therefore, the correct distribution of loads and pressures on the surface of the foot is crucial to ensure lower limb function and proper gait and balance under static and dynamic conditions. A major limitation of studies investigating the relationship between foot posture and lower-limb muscle function is that there is currently no universally accepted method of classifying foot posture. There is a need for a dynamic way of classifying foot posture, which can be achieved by providing a reliable assessment process for foot posture changes. In clinical practice, the assessment of static foot posture is a common approach to classifying the type of foot to identify possible change-related aetiological factors and recommend therapeutic intervention. This approach involves examining the structural alignment or posture of the foot and the characteristics of its dynamic function to theoretically establish the mechanisms predisposing to pathological changes. In this context, this paper highlights the need for a reliable assessment of changes in foot posture, so our purpose is to present modern assessment and classification methods commonly used in clinical practice and research.