新型纤维素基功能材料的开发

M. Kostić
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引用次数: 3

摘要

目前,基于可再生生物资源和环保工艺的功能材料越来越受到工业界和科学界的关注。纤维素是所有植物的结构材料,是最丰富的天然可再生聚合物,具有机械坚固性、亲水性、生物相容性和生物降解性等优点。本文概述了当前纤维素的研究,旨在进一步了解和应用这一最重要的生物资源。重点放在纤维素功能化及其转化为具有定制性能的新型高性能纤维素材料(如纤维,薄膜,膜,复合材料和生物医学材料)。各种物理和化学处理(碱、氧化剂、乙酰化、超声处理、等离子体处理和许多其他单一或组合的方法)用于纤维素改性,以调整其性质为不同的目的,已简要地回顾。此外,天然纤维素由纳米级原纤维和晶体组成的独特层次结构允许通过机械和化学方法或它们的组合提取纳米晶体、微纤维和纳米纤维。这些纳米纤维素材料在先进和功能材料领域提供了巨大的机会。最后,本文还讨论了基于最近开发的新型“绿色”纤维素溶剂,通过更高效、更环保的工艺制备各种纤维素基材料的新平台。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Development of novel cellulose-based functional materials
Nowadays, functional materials based on renewable bioresources and environmentally friendly processes have attracted increased attention of both the industrial and the scientific community. Cellulose, the structural material of all plants, is the most abundant natural and renewable polymer possessing some promising properties, such as mechanical robustness, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This paper gives an overview of the current cellulose research directed towards an advanced understanding and application of this most important bioresource. Emphasis is placed on cellulose functionalization and its conversion into novel high-performance cellulose materials with tailored properties (such as fibers, films, membranes, composites, and biomedical materials). Various physical and chemical treatments (alkalis, oxidizing agents, acetylation, ultrasound treatment, plasma treatment, and many other single or combined methods) used for cellulose modification to adjust its properties for different purposes, have been concisely reviewed. Furthermore, the unique hierarchical architecture of natural cellulose consisting of nanoscale fibrils and crystallites allows the extraction of the nanocrystals, and micro- and nanofibrilated cellulose via mechanical and chemical methods or their combination. These nanocellulose materials offer great opportunities in the field of advanced and functional materials. Finally, a novel platform to prepare various cellulose-based materials through more efficient and environmentally friendly processes based on recently developed new and "green" solvents for cellulose has also been discussed.
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