Effect of Nano-TiO2 Additives Blended in Palm Biodiesel on Compression Ignition Engine Performance

 Abstract — The property improvement of palm oil biodiesel ( POB ) was investigated by mixing a nano - TiO 2 additive in order to achieve in the decrease of exhaust emissions of a diesel engine . The different POB fuel fractions were used including B10, B20, B30, B40, B50, and B100 which are compared with commercial diesel B2 as a fuel standard . The results suggested that the small amount of 0 . 1 % wt nano - TiO 2 additive provided the property improvement such as a decrease in kinematic viscosity and an increase in flash point, cetane index, and heating values . However, there are B2 + 0 . 1 % TiO 2 and B10 + 0 . 1 % TiO 2 providing their properties to be accepted in ASTM standard . The experimental results suggested that engine power and torque increased during the range of low engine speed ( <2500 rpm ) and became decreased during the higher range of engine speed ( >3000 rpm ). Carbon oxide ( CO ) , carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) , and nitric oxide ( NO x ) emissions were measured directly at the tailpipe in order to observe the effect of POB fuel used on the gas emissions . It was found that nano TiO 2 additive significantly contributed the reduction of CO 2 and NO x emissions