通油管机械关断技术在井斜70°以上的成功应用

M. Koriesh, A. Basyouni, M. Vazquez
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在套管完井作业中,利用电缆进行油管机械关井是一种经济且成功的隔离非期望射孔段的方法。在20世纪80年代末和90年代初,该技术变得更加可靠,因此石油和天然气行业开始更加信任通过油管关闭的管线能力。苏伊士湾石油公司(GUPCO)等许多海上作业公司都采用了该技术,以尽量减少钻机作业次数,并加快使用无钻机装置的增产活动。然而,在大多数情况下,TTBP已被证明是非常可靠的;对于具有高压压差的大斜度井,成功率一直存在争议。由于失去了向下驱动工具的重力,加之增角段的狗腿会限制工具串的长度,直线作业通常会在bbb60°斜度时遇到困难。为了克服这些挑战,现在有几种直通油管可供选择,例如连续油管,需要钻机辅助海上卫星应用,以及管线牵引,这增加了管线作业的成本,并且取决于作业区域的当地可用性。TT机械关井面临的挑战不仅仅是将工具部署到所需深度。市场上有几种类型的通管式水泥倾卸桶;然而,在> ~ 70°的井斜中,作业并不多,因此,在这种重力最小的井斜中,铲运机是否能够将所有水泥倾倒到深度上一直存在争议。此外,水泥坍落在较大偏差下的影响是构建良好水泥护层的另一个挑战,该护层要保证良好的绝对粘结强度并能够承受所需的压差。一个具有挑战性的例子是海上水平井,该井要求隔离主要目标,目的是测试该地区以前没有测试过的新油藏。由于新表征储层的产能、饱和度和流体类型“油或气”的不确定性。这些操作旨在以尽可能低的成本进行,以便将业务风险保持在最低水平。目标射孔段位于水平井的建井段,井斜角为74-76度。现有的射孔被水淹,在测试目标储层之前必须进行隔离。评估了通过油管桥塞在管线上的隔离效果,评估了不同的作业风险,并在规划阶段使用张力模型评估了在没有管线牵引器的情况下到达目标深度的便利性。为了验证模型的有效性,我们对钢丝绳作业进行了改进,并成功地使用钢丝绳达到了目标深度。在计划阶段,我们考虑了许多预防措施,以确保工作成功。通过对桥塞的积极测试,在74-76度的斜度范围内成功进行了机械关闭作业,该井的产量超过了10 MMSCFD和300桶/天的凝析油。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Successful Application of through Tubing Mechanical Shut Off Technique in a Deviation More than 70°
Through Tubing Mechanical Shut off Process using electric line has been an economical and successful way to isolate undesired perforated intervals in cased whole completions. During the late 1980s & early 1990s the technology became more reliable so the oil & gas industry began to put more trust in eline capabilities for the through tubing shut-offs. Many of offshore operating companies including Gulf Of Suez Petroleum Company "GUPCO" adopted the technique in order to minimize the number of rig work overs and accelerate add rate activities using rigless units. TTBP has proved very reliable in most of the cases however; the success rate has been debatable for highly deviated wells with high-pressure differential across the plug. Eline applications normally struggle at deviations > 60°, because of losing the gravity force driving the tools downward, limitations of tool string length due to dogleg in the angle build up sections. Several through tubing options are now available to overcome these challenges, for example coiled tubing, which requires rig assist for offshore sattelites application, & eline tractoring, which adds more cost to eline job and depends on local availability in the area of operation. TT mechanical shut offs face some challenges more than ability to deploy tools to required depth. Several types of through tubing cement dump bailers are available in the market; however not many jobs were performed in deviations > 70°, there is always a debate about capability of bailer to dump all cement on depth at such deviation where gravity force is minimal. In addition, the effect of cement slumping in higher deviations is another challenge for building a good cement sheeth that guarantees good sheer bond strength and able to withstand required pressure differential. A Challenging example was an offshore horizontal well where the primary target is required to be isolated and the objective is to test a new reservoir in the field which was not tested before in the area. Due to uncertainity in productivity, saturation & fluid type "Oil or gas" of the new characterized reservoir. The operations was intended to be at the minimum possible cost in order to keep the business risk at the lowest level. The target perforation interval was located in the build section of the horizontal well where deviation angle is 74-76 degrees. The existing perforations were flooded out and it was necessary to isolate prior to test of the target reservoir. Isolation using through tubing bridge plug on eline was assessed and different operation risks were evaluated, conveyence to the target depth without an eline tractor was assessed in the planning phase using a tension model. Slickline operation was modified to confirm the validity of the model and we successfully reached the target depth using slickline. During the planning phase, we considered many precautions to guarantee job success. A successful mechanical shut off job in a deviation of 74-76 degree was confirmed by positive test to the plug and the successful production from the well that produced more than 10 MMSCFD & 300 Barrels of condensate per day.
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