中第聂伯罗地区的辉绿岩和白云岩是古代石制品的原料

I. Nikitenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。根据岩石考古研究资料,对第聂伯罗中部地区岩脉群的镁铁质岩石进行了表征,这些岩石构成了不同历史时期石制品生产的原料基础。探讨岩石岩相特征之间的关系及其应用途径。方法。主要的研究方法是将白云岩和辉绿岩的石制品原料与形成中第聂伯罗地区自然露头的岩石进行对比岩石学分析。为此,使用了来自地质调查报告的材料、文献数据以及从露头采集的岩石样本。发现。人们已经确定,中第聂伯罗地区的白云石和辉绿岩的使用始于3万多年前。他们的专业开采是在新石器-青铜时代,在乌克兰地盾中第聂伯罗巨岩和克雷夫伊-列-克雷门丘克缝合带的岩石分布带进行的。古人使用的是在第聂伯罗河、莫克拉苏拉河、巴扎夫鲁克河、萨克萨汉河和因胡莱特河沿岸开采的白云岩和辉绿岩,但也可以使用其他堤坝上的岩石。在古代,岩脉的主要用途是制造抛光的工具和武器。白云岩和辉绿岩的主要岩相特征是其主要造岩矿物的相对柔软性、块状结构、细粒结构和棱柱状-粒状微观结构的强度。在铁器时代早期,这些岩石的使用实际上已经停止,只有随着工业生产的发展,可能是18世纪末至19世纪初在哥萨克人的土地上开始积极建设,这些岩石才得以恢复使用。今天,在第聂伯罗中部地区,人们开采白云岩和辉绿岩,以及瓦砾和碎石中的花岗岩。的创意。首次给出了中第聂伯罗地区各历史时期白云岩和辉绿岩的利用特征。确定了作为古代石器生产主要原料基础的脉岩的分布带。实际的实现。所得结果可用于撰写关于第聂伯罗中部地区历史和考古的科学和教育著作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dolerites and diabases of the Middle Dnipro area as raw material for ancient stone products
Purpose. To characterize mafic rocks of the dike complex of the Middle Dnipro Area, which consti-tuted the raw material base for the production of stone goods over various historical epochs, according to the data of petroarchaeological studies. To find out the relationship between the petrographic features of rocks and the ways of their application. Methods. The main research method was a comparative petrographic analysis of the raw materials of stone products made from dolerites and diabases with the rocks that form natural outcrops in the Middle Dnipro Area. For this, materials from geological survey reports, literature data, as well as rock samples taken from outcrops were used. Findings. It was established that the use of dolerites and diabases in the Middle Dnipro Area began more than 30 thousand years ago. Their specialized mining was carried out in the Eneolithic-Bronze Age in the zone of distribution of rocks of the Middle Dnipro megablock of the Ukrainian Shield and the Kryvyi Rih-Kremenchuk suture zone. Ancient people used dolerites and diabases mined at the oc-currences along the rivers of Dnipro, Mokra Sura, Bazavluk, Saksahan and Inhulets, but rocks from other dikes could also be used. The main way of mafic dike rocks use in ancient times was the manu-facture of polished tools and weapons. The main petrographic features that contributed to the active use of dolerites and diabases were the relative softness of their main rock-forming minerals, massive struc-ture, fine-grained texture, and the strength due to the prismatic-granular microstructure. In the Early Iron Age, the use of these rocks had practically ceased and resumed only with the development of industrial production, probably with the beginning of active construction on the territory of the former lands of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks at the end of the 18th century – early 19th century. Today, dolerites and diabases are mined in the Middle Dnipro Area along with granites for rubble and crushed stone. The originality. For the first time, the characteristics of the use of dolerites and diabases of the Middle Dnipro Area during previous historical epochs were given. The distribution zones of dike rocks, which served as the main raw material base for the ancient production of stone tools, were determined. Practical implementation. The results obtained can be used to write scientific and educational works on the history and archaeology of the Middle Dnipro Area.
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